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1.
Heliyon ; 10(3): e25715, 2024 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38352804

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is an important risk factor concomitant with cardiovascular disease (CVD) states, which is why we set out to evaluate Californian red worm hydrolysates on antihypertensive activity both in vitro, ex vivo, using rabbit aortic rings and in vivo using hypertensive induced rats. The worms were manually separated, washed with water, purged for 4 h with 4 % sodium bicarbonate, sacrificed with 7 % saline, and finally washed with drinking water. The in vitro antihypertensive capacity was performed by measuring angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; for the ex vivo assays, rabbit aorta was used to measure relaxation; for the in vivo assays, rats with induced hypertension were used to perform acute (hypotension) and chronic assays, using captopril as a control in all assays. With respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, the EC50 value of the worm hydrolysate was found to be 358 ppm; with respect to the analysis in aortic rings, it was found that the mechanisms of action of the hydrolysate are endothelium-dependent, presenting a maximum relaxation of 35 %. With respect to the in vivo assays, the hypotensive test showed that the hydrolysate can reduce blood pressure by up to 32 % in only 2 h, while the chronic analysis showed that the hydrolysate at 150 ppm did not present statistically significant differences with the control (captopril) during the 15 days of analysis. The Red Californian earthworm hydrolysate presents bioactive compounds identified with antihypertensive activities in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in different isolated and animal models. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the hydrolysate to be used as an alternative in the treatment and prevention of hypertension, and it can be implemented in functional foods or nutraceutical foods. Antihypertensive peptides, particularly those that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), hold significant importance in medical research, specifically in the context of cardiovascular disease treatment, particularly hypertension. The focus on these peptides and the potential implications of their results in medical research can be summarized through several key points: 1) Mechanisms of Action-Antihypertensive peptides function by inhibiting ACE or renin, crucial enzymes in blood pressure regulation. 2)Alternatives to Synthetic Drugs, 3) Additional Health Benefits, and various other factors.

2.
Heliyon ; 9(5): e16165, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215819

ABSTRACT

Although the best-known use of the different species of earthworm is the production of organic fertilizer, they can also be considered a rich source of biologically and pharmacologically-active compounds, for use in the treatment of various diseases. In recent decades, with the development of biochemical technologies, research on the pharmaceutical effects of compounds extracted from different species of earthworms has begun. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common and widely used technique for producing bioactive hydrolysates, because it uses moderate operating conditions, with a certain specificity for the substrate. In the present study, the objective was to optimize and scale up the enzymatic hydrolysis of Eisenia foetida protein to obtain peptides with biological activity. The substrate characterization was carried out according to AOAC, a response surface design was performed for the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis and then the scaling was performed by means of dimensional analysis. The results show that the major component of the paste is protein, 65% of which is albumin, and the absence of pathogenic microorganisms was also found. Regarding optimization, it was found that the optimal hydrolysis conditions are achieved with pH = 8.5; temperature = 45 °C; amount of substrate = 125 g and volume of enzyme = 1245µL. For the scaling, 4 dimensionless pi-numbers were calculated which describe the process with no statistically significant differences between the model and the prototype; it can be concluded that the enzymatic hydrolysate of Eisenia foetida presents high values of antioxidant activity evaluated by different methodologies.

3.
Heliyon ; 6(12): e05831, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33392405

ABSTRACT

This paper evaluates the inclusion of chemical silage from viscera of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in diets of Isa-Brown laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and its influence on productive variables and hematological parameters. A total of 56, 16-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into two groups (one per diet), which in turn were subdivided into 7 replicates of 4 birds each. All test groups were fed for 16 weeks. During this period, the evaluation of the productive variables was carried out, and at the end, random blood samples were taken from 3 birds per diet. The results indicated that the inclusion of chemical silage from red tilapia viscera with a proportion of 17.18% dry matter, does not present statistically significant differences in the productive variables which were evaluated (p > 0.05) with respect to the control. Moreover, the chemical silage did not modify the hematological parameters and blood the chemistry in the hens. This allowed us to conclude that silage can be used as a substitute for conventional protein raw materials such as fishmeal and soybean meal in the preparation of diets for laying hens, without altering their productive performance.

4.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 30(3): 316-327, sep.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-669245

ABSTRACT

La presencia de problemas respiratorios en zonas con alta contaminación se relaciona con factores como la exposición, la susceptibilidad y la capacidad de respuesta por parte de los individuos. OBJETIVO: presentar evidencia estadística de cómo la probabilidad de presentar un síntoma o enfermedad está relacionado con la exposición, la susceptibilidad y la respuesta social de individuos expuestos a la contaminación por material particulado. METODOLOGIA: se emplea información única de una encuesta a 1.000 individuos expuestos en el centro de Medellín para realizar un análisis descriptivo y modelos de respuesta binaria probit. Se analizaron 27 modelos para las siguientes variables dependientes: presenta un síntoma o enfermedad (EMF), presenta un síntoma (LEVE) y presenta una enfermedad (GRAVE). RESULTADOS: se evidencia que la exposición es una variable clave en la presencia de problemas respiratorios (vulnerabilidad), pero que los individuos expuestos pueden presentar problemas en salud debido no solo a la contaminación per se, sino a condiciones personales y sociales implícitas.


The presence of respiratory problems in high level pollution areas is linked to factors such as exposure, susceptibility, and social coping. OBJECTIVE:o present statistical evidence regarding the relationship between the probability of experiencing symptoms or contracting a respiratory disease and factors such as exposure to pollution, susceptibility, and social coping among people inhabiting areas with particulate matter pollution. METHODOLOGY: The study used unique information collected from a survey conducted on 1000 people in downtown Medellin who were exposed to this problem. This information was used to perform a descriptive statistic analysis and to build 27 PROBIT models. The dependent variables were: the patient has a symptom or disease -EMF-, the patient has a symptom -LEVE-, and the patient has a respiratory disease -GRAVE-. Results: The results evidence that exposure is a key variable affecting the presence of respiratory symptoms or diseases (vulnerability); however, exposed individuals may also experience health problems not only due to air pollution per se, but also to implicit personal and social conditions.

5.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 29(3): 241-250, set.-dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-639961

ABSTRACT

La evidencia científica muestra cómo la contaminación del aire genera efectos negativos en la salud humana. En Medellín, Colombia, se registra un alto nivel de contaminación del aire por material particulado (medido por Redaire) y un considerable volumen de consultas externas y por urgencias a causa de enfermedades respiratorias, medidas por Metrosalud. OBJETIVO: presentar evidencia estadística de la relación positiva entre contaminación por material particulado PM2,5 y PM10 y las consultas externas y por urgencia debidas a enfermedades respiratorias (asma, bronquitis, infecciones, rinitis). METODOLOGIA: se emplearon modelos de series de tiempo sobreregistros diarios de medición para PM10 y PM2,5; se estimaron diez modelos por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios con corrección de White para ajustar problemas de heterocedasticidad; cinco modelos con consultas por enfermedades respiratorias y PM10; y cinco modelos con consultas por enfermedades respiratorias y PM2,5. RESULTADOS: se concluye que la contaminación del aire por material particulado provoca problemas respiratorios y, en consecuencia, es un problema de salud pública en Medellín.


Scientific evidence shows how air pollution has negative effects on human health. Medellin city (Colombia) has high levels of air pollution (according to Redaire's measurements) as well as a high rate of medical and emergency consultations due to respiratory disease (according to Metrosalud's measurements). OBJECTIVE: to show statistical evidence of the positive relationship between pollution due to PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter and the medical and emergency consultations due to respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchitis, infections, and rhinitis). METHODOLOGY: a number of time series models were applied on daily records of PM10 and pm2.5 particles. A total of ten models were calculated using ordinary least squares (OLS) with White's correction in order to adjust heteroskedasticity problems. Initially, five models were used for the consultations caused by respiratory disease and PM10 particles. Then, five additional models were used for the consultations caused by respiratory diseases and PM2.5 particles. RESULTS: particulate air pollution leads to respiratory disease, thus becoming a public health problem in Medellín, Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Air Pollution , Hospital Care , Particulate Matter
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