[c-FOS protein expression in cells of the variuos hypothalamic structures after electric pain stimulation and injections of antigens].

Hypothalamic structures become activated after stimul. Alteration of c-Fos-positive cells quantity in different hypothalamic structures after electric pain stimulation (EPS), intravenous (iv) injection of antigens (lioppolysaccharide (LPS) and bovine serum albumir (BSA)) was detected with immunohistochemical method. EPS and iv injection of antigens (LPS and BSA) result in c-Fos-positive cells quantity increase in all observed hypothalamic structures. The highest activation level was in AHN and PH after EPS and in AHN, PVH, LHA-28, and PH after iv LPS injection. Comparative analysis of results showed, that c-Fos-positive cells quantity increase after EPS in AHN, PVH, LHA and PH was more significant than after iv injection of antigens (LPS and BSA). LPS injection results in more pronounced cell activation in AHN, PVH, LHA-28 and DMH (according to quantity of c-Fos-positive cells), than BSA injection.

[Stress-induced changes of hypothalamic structure cell responses to antigen injection (LPS) (revealed by c-Fos protein expression)].

Stress stimuli are known to influence the intensity if immune response. To elucidate the role of central regulating structures in this changes, analysis of activation level of hypothalamic neurons (revealed by quantity of c-Fos-positive cells) was carried out in rats within 2 hours after intravenous LPS injection and after this--impact associated with electric pain stimulation (EPS). The investigation was carried out in 52 male Wistar rats, 200-250 g. The c-Fos protein expression was analyzed with immunohistochemical method. The increase of c-Fos-positive cells number in 2 hours after LPS injection was observed in AFTN, PVH, LHA, VMH, DMH and PH. After electrical pain stimulation, the quantity of c-Fos-positive cells increased in the same structures. Combined application of electric pain stimulation and LPS injection results in diminished activation level in AHN, PVH, LHA and VMH as compared with typical response to single LPS injection without EPS. The EPS suppresses intensity of the immune response induced by injection of LPS (revealed by local hemolysis method with calculation of antibody-forming cells quantity (%) in the rat spleen). Thus the activation level changes of hypothalamic structures (AHN, PVH, LHA, PH) correlate with development of stress-induced immunosuppression, i. e. morphofunctional description of hypothalamic structures activation as revealed by pattern of activated cell alterations in hypothalamic structures during realization of stress-induced changes of immune system responses to antigen injection.

[Clinical and metabolic effects of cardioselective beta-adrenoblockers nebivolol and metoprolol in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes]. / Klinicheskie i metabolicheskie éffekty kardioselektivnykh beta-adrenoblokatorov nebivolola i metoprolola u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa v sochetanii s sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa.

AIM: To compare efficacy and safety of cardioselective beta-adrenoblockers nebivolol and metoprolol in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease (IHD) combined with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with IHD, class II-III angina and moderately severe compensated or subcompensated type II diabetes (n=35, 29 with grade 1-2 hypertension according to WHO 1999 classification) were divided into 2 groups with similar clinical and laboratory characteristics. Patients of group 1 received metoprolol (50-100 mg/day), of group 2--nebivolol (5-7.5 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Data of physical investigation, exercise tests, 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, analysis of lipid spectrum and glycemic profile were used for assessment of treatment efficacy. RESULTS: Decrease of number of anginal attacks and nitroglycerine requirement was more pronounced in nebivolol treated patients. The use of both drugs was associated with lowering of blood pressure and heart rate. There were no unfavorable changes of parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Pronounced (by 19.2%) lowering of triglycerides was observed in nebivolol treated patients. Both drugs were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Nebivolol and metoprolol are effective and safe antianginal agents in patients with IHD and hypertension combined with type 2 diabetes. However in doses used nebivolol produced more favorable metabolic and hemodynamic effects.