[Psychological and mental aspects of increased tooth abrasion]. / Psikhologicheskie i psikhicheskie aspekty povyshennoi stiraemosti zubov.

The analysis of literary and other information sources (in PubMed, Google Scholar, KiberLeninka and eLibrary databases) devoted to the study of dental manifestations of psychological conditions and the analysis of the ability of dentists to identify psychological predictors of increased tooth erasure in adolescents and young people. Disorders such as stress, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, eating disorders - may be risk factors for the development of increased tooth abrasion. Comorbid conditions such as bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux are also considered. Due to the high mortality of adolescents due to mental illness, early diagnosis of disorders of psychological and mental health of adolescents is extremely relevant. Attention is focused on the possibility of early diagnosis by dentists of psychological and mental problems by the presence and type of increased erasability of teeth. Effective examination and treatment of such patients requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach.

[The evaluation of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant defense in adolescent boys with exogenously constitutive obesity with using the coefficient of oxidative stress].

Child and adolescent obesity deserves special attention, since, beginning in adolescence, it progresses and leads to the development of complications already in the adult state. One of the leading mechanisms of the pathogenesis of obesity is the activation of oxidative stress reactions, with insufficient activity of antioxidant factors. There is an opinion that integrated indicators are more informative when assessing antioxidant status disorders compared to individual indicators. The state of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed in 42 adolescent boys, comparable in age (13-17 years old), 19 of them were diagnosed with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. In adolescent boys with obesity, there was a decrease in the concentration of primary products of LPO - diene conjugates (1.39 fold, p=0.007), with an increase in the level of secondary ketodienes and conjugated trienes (1.65 fold, p=0.011). In the antioxidant defense system, the differences in this group included reduced levels of α-tocopherol (1.42 fold, p=0.016), retinol (1.51 fold, p=0.003) and superoxide dismutase activity (1.19 fold, p<0.001), in the absence of significant changes in the blood total antioxidant activity and components of glutathione status in adolescent boys with obesity in comparison with control. The use of the total oxidative stress factor in the group of obese patients showed a high intensity of development of oxidative reactions, which confirms the results of the development of antioxidant insufficiency in this group of patients.

[Redox status parameters in adolescent-mongoloids with exogenously constitutional obesity and fatty hepatosis].

It is assumed that in the progression of obesity, complicated by fatty hepatosis in adolescents, a significant role is given to the reactions of oxidative stress with deficiency of antioxidant factors. However, an important factor that remains outside the field of view of researchers is the ethnicity of the patient, which is an important element in the development of a personalized approach in the treatment and prevention of diseases. In connection with this, the purpose of this study was to study the changes in the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense processes in adolescent Mongoloids with exogenously constitutional obesity complicated by fatty hepatosis. 18 adolescent boys with fatty hepatosis were examined on the background of exogenous-constitutional obesity of the first degree; 38 adolescent boys with exogenously constitutional obesity without changes in the liver and 37 practically healthy adolescents (control group). All subjects surveyed for ethnicity belonged to the Mongoloids. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used in the research. The results of the study indicated a high intensity of lipid peroxidation reactions in Mongoloid boys with obesity and fatty hepatosis relative to control values: an increase in blood plasma content of compounds with unsaturated double bonds (p<0.001), diene conjugates (p=0.0012), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (p<0.0001), in the absence of significant differences in the level of TBA-active products. Increased values of total antioxidant activity in blood plasma (p=0.0023) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (p=0.0072), decreased levels of fat-soluble vitamins in blood plasma [α-tocopherol (p<0.0001) and retinol (p=0.0011)] and oxidized form of glutathione in erythrocytes (p=0.0083) have been found. The pronounced insufficiency of fatsoluble vitamins - α-tocopherol and retinol in patients of the main group was also noted in comparison with patients without morphological changes in the liver. Thus, in teenage Mongoloids with exogenously constitutional obesity and fatty hepatosis, it is possible to recommend antioxidant drugs in addition to basic metabolic therapy.

[Variations of oral fluid microbiota in healthy children and adolescents]. / Varianty mikroflory rotovoi zhidkosti u prakticheski zdorovykh detei i podrostkov.

The aim of the study was to establish the bacterial and viral associations of saliva and the immune resistance in 127 healthy people of different ages. The analysis sorted out three variants of oral fluid microbiota differing by certain combination of indigenous and facultative microflora. It was found that with age there is a significant increase in the number of adolescents with the third variant of the microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the number of indigenous microflora and increase in opportunistic microorganisms and viruses. With an increase in microecological shifts a tendency to decrease the level of lysozyme, an increase in the number of secretory IgA, accompanied by a decrease in antibody was revealed. It has been shown that bacterial and viral component of the microbiota of the oral fluid are in a dynamic relationship with each other, as well as immune resistance and can serve as an indicator of the health level and the selection criteria at the stages of clinical examination of children and adolescents, with the risk of dental disease.

[THE EFFECT OF DURATION OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ON MICRO-BIOCENOSIS OF BACK OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF TONGUE].

The article presents analysis of results of studying spectrum, rate of occurrence and amount of microorganisms on mucous membrane of back of tongue before orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations and on different stages of fixation. It is established that in all patients the dominant microorganisms of analyzed biotope were bacteria of genus of Streptococcus and Peptostreptococcus released in number of 5-6 Ig CFU/cm2. The gender and quantitative characteristics of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms varied during all year of monitoring. However, their prevalence and number either returned to initial indicators or had no exceeding over allowed values. The results testify necessity of development of standards of follow-up of orthodontic patients over whole period of treatment with purpose of implementation of adjusting measures preventing development of complications.

[Clinical rationale for interdisciplinary approach to treatment of dental diseases in children with chronic pathology of upper GI tract].

The article presents clinical rationale for interdisciplinary approach to treatment of dental diseases in children with chronic pathology of upper GI tract based on the morphofunctional changes of oral cavity organs. The dental markers of somatic diseases and unfavorable dynamics of the individual health level in the process of ontogenesis were determined. The results of the study allow considering the oral cavity as a target organ in chronic GI pathology.

[Dental status in children and adolescents diagnosed with obesity].

Dental status was studied in 168 obese teenagers aged from 12 to 17 years. The study revealed high prevalence in this group of teenagers of oral pathology like caries and fluorosis, inflammatory periodontal disease in 75% of children and poor oral hygiene level. One should consider high need for development of treatment-and-prophylactic measures for improvement of dental status in obese teenagers.

[Peculiarities of microbiological composition of oral fluid during various stages of orthodontic treatment in children and adolescents].

The article presents the results of analysis of spectrum, the rate of frequency and the amount of microorganisms in oral liquid before the beginning of orthodontic treatment of dental abnormalities and deformations and in its stages (6 and 12 months later). As the result of the study the appearance of pathologic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and a great number of conditionally-pathogenic fungi of Candida family and Porphyromonas spp. were determined. The obtained results show the need of elaboration of standards for the treatment of orthodontic patients.

[Complex dental care in children and adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis].

The parts of pathogenesis gastrointestinal diseases form relationship with changes in oral cavity. High microbial density bacterial community, consisting of conditionally-pathogenic type and occupying oral mucosa and other parts to oral cavity permits the quick development of the different forms of the pathological processes in oral cavity. The Concept preventive and medical action, conducted in oral cavity of children with chronic gastrodyodenitis, includes: undertaking the diagnostics of the change of microbiocenosis, estimations of the factors of local homeostasis with determination degree of the changes of disbiosis, the individual planning and strictly realization pathogenesis motivated complex action on treatment and preventive maintenance, observation with recommended frequency, including all mentioned elements. One of the significant problems solved by dentist and physician is a shaping among children and teenager with chronic gastritis and gastrodyodenitis, as well as their parents, installation on sound lifestyle. The Advisable frequency observations by dentist this children: in 1 year of the disease: 1 once at 3 months (4 times per annum); in 2 year of the disease: - not less 3 once a year; in 3 and the following years: not less 2 once a year.

[Biofilm formation by antagonistic strains of oral Lactobacillus].

Highantagonistic strains of lactobacillus isolated from the oral cavity of healthy people, genetically identified as L. fermentum 39, L. rhamnosus 50, L. rhamnosus 24, showed high degree of autoaggregation, surface hydrophobicity, coaggregation, adhesion, and the ability to form biofilms. These strains can be used to create new probiotic drugs for the prevention and correction the dysbiosis of the oral cavity.

[Genetic identification and study of the ability of lactobacilli isolated from the oral cavity of healthy individuals to form biofilms].

The highly antagonistic lactobacillus strains isolated from the oral cavity of human individuals were genetically passported as L. fermentum 39, L. rhamnosus 50, and L. rhamnosus 24, by applying the RAPD-PCR technique with two types of primers (M13, MSP). These lactobacillus strains showed high degrees of autoaggregation, surface hydrophobicity, coaggregation, and adhesion. These characteristics determine the obvious capacity of lactobacilli to form biofilms, which may be used to design new probiotic agents.

[Prevalence and intensity of dental diseases among foreign students during their study in Russia].

The findings of complex dental study of 235 1-st and 2-nd year foreign students of TSMA were given in the article. High level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases was found. The obtained results of the study should be used to develop measures for their future treatment and to prevent dental diseases.

[Influence of gastroduodenal pathology on incidence of stomatological diseases in children of younger school age].

Results of studying of features of the dentals status at 81 children in the age of 9-10 years, suffering chronic gastroduodenit are submitted. High prevalence and intensity of the basic oral diseases, prevalence decompensation currents caries process, an unsatisfactory and bad level of hygiene of an oral cavity, presence of a dental stone are established. In system of rehabilitation of children, ill chronic gastroduodenit, supervision gastroenterologist and the dentist which should be carried out by way of double difference control is necessary.

[Genetic identification of antagonistically active lactobacillus strains isolated from the oral cavity of healthy individuals].

Examination of dental deposits from 45 healthy individuals detected 3 lactobacillus strains showing a high antagonism toward test cultures. The api 50 CH "bio Merieux" test systems were employed to identify strains as Lactobacillus fermentum 39, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 24 and Lactobacillus paracasei 50. The results of analyzing the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of the test strains confirmed this identification, except for the latter strain. The taxonomic status of the third strain L. rhamnosus 50 was determined by the bioinformative analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA genes.

[Oral cavity microbiocenose in healthy teenagers and patients with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis].

Microbial association distinctive features and colonization degree of different oral cavity biotope were established in healthy teenagers and patients with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis. There were studied mucous membrane surfaces of cheek, tongue, content of gingival crevice, oral fluid and dental plaque of 24 healthy persons of the age 12-17 years and 29 patients of the same age with gastritis and gastroduodenitis. On the mucous membranes of the ill teenagers there were found Porphiromonas type bacteria, 20% more Staphylococcus, 90% less Peptostreptococcus, 30% less Lactobacillus, 20% less Veillonella and Stomatococcus. In saliva anaerobic Peptostreptococcus and facultative anaerobic Streptococcus (7 lg COE/ml); Porphiromonas, Veillonella, Peptococcus and Staphylococcus (6 lg COE/ml); Neisseria (5 lg COE/ml); Stomatococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus (4.6 lg COE/ml); Lactobacillus and Candida (4 lg COE/ml) predominated. In patients with chronic pathology in all tested biotopes there was found the increase of the whole microbiota spectra (representatives of opportunistic pathogenic microfiora were detected more often) as well as the bacteria number if compared with healthy teenagers.

[Sensitivity to antibiotics monitoring of oral microflora in practically sound children and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis].

Characteristic of oral microflora in practically sound children and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis was offered. Microflora singled out from ill persons differed by pathogenicity in previously opportunistic pathogenic forms. Monitoring of sensitivity and resistivity to antibiotics of the singled out microflora in practically sound children and ill with chronic gastroduodenitis was presented. When treating oral diseases one should take into account the high resistivity to antibiotics (especially to benzilpenicillin) of opportunistic pathogenic forms.

[Oral cavity microbiocenosis in healthy adolescents and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis].

AIM: To determine characteristics of microbial associations and degree of oral cavity colonization by different biotopes in healthy adolescents and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva, dental deposit, content of tooth-gingival cavity and material from buccal and lingual mucous surfaces of 24 healthy adolescents and 29 patients of the same age with gastroduodenitis were used for bacteriological analysis. Inoculation were made on the following growth media: yolk-salt agar, Endo, Saburo, MRS as well as on Columbia and Saedler blood agars. RESULTS: It was shown that rate of isolation of peptostreptococci from oral cavity of patients was 90% lower compared with controls; rate of isolation of lactobacilli, Veillonella, and stomatococci was 30% lower, whereas hemolytic Porphyromonas, staphylococci and streptococci were isolated 20% more frequently. Concentration of peptostreptococci and streptococci was 7.0 lg CFU/ml, whereas concentration of Porphyromonas, Veillonella, peptococci and staphylococci was 6.0 lg CFU/ml, Neisseria--5.0 lg CFU/ml, stomatococci, bacilli and Candida fungi --4.5 lg CFU/ml. Decrease of concentration of lactobacilli to 4.0 lg CFU/ml was noted. CONCLUSION: Compared with healthy group of children, widened spectrum of microorganisms in all studied biotopes of oral cavity was observed in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis; species belonging to pathogenic microflora were detected in patients more frequently and in more quantities.

[Acid-base equilibrium in the oral cavity of children with congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate]. / Sostoianie kislotno-osnovnogo ravnovesiia v polosti rta u detei s vrozhdennymi rasshchelinami verkhnei guby i neba.

Acid base balance (ABB) of the oral cavity is compared in children with cleft lip and palate before uranoplasty and 2-3 months and 1 year after it. A decompensated shift of ABB towards alkalosis before treatment was concomitant with transposition of the typical zones of bacterial shifting of ABB towards acidosis and alkalosis. ABB did not rapidly normalize after repair of the congenital defect. Preventive measures are recommended, aimed at removal or alleviation of alkalosis and retaining the adaptation reserve of the mechanisms regulating the ABB in the oral cavity, to be used both before and after surgery.