[Taurine. Effect on exotrophia and metabolism in mammals and fish].

Data have been presented on the taurine content in various mammalian and fish tissues as well as on pathways of its formation, turnover, and numerous functions. Based on comparison of the character of the taurine effects on various animal functions as well as of the fact of the presence of taurine in the more ancient by origin potential objects of the mammalian and fish nutrition, it is suggested that the taurine polyfunctionality has appeared at different stages of the biota.

[Effect of taurine and thioctacide on carbohydrate metabolism and the antioxydant system in rats with experimental diabetes].

Peroral administration of taurine and thioctacide in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes (i) decreased the levels of glucose, fructosamine and MDA, (ii) increased the levels of glycogen, insulin, and C-peptide in the liver, and (iii) increased the levels of enzymes of the antioxidant system of catalase and paraoxonase as compared to the control group of animals. These effects show that taurine and thioctacide possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties.

[Effect of taurine on the ion transport system in mitochondria].

The influence of taurine on the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling, which characterizes the activity of the ATP-dependent K+ channel and the opening of Ca(2+)-dependent pores differing in the sensitivity to cyclosporin A in rat liver mitochondria has been studied. It was shown that taurine at small (0.5-125 microM) concentrations produces a stimulating effect on the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Taurine in physiological concentrations (0.5-20 mM) di not affect the ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling and cyclosporin A-insensitive palmitate/Ca(2+)-activated pore formation in mitochondria. Taurine in these concentrations increased the rate of cyclosporin A-sensitive swelling induced by Ca2+ and P(i) and decreased the Ca2+ capacity of mitochondria.

[Pharmacological correction of lipid metabolism disturbances using new amide derivatives of taurine].

Taurine derivatives taurepar, tauritman and IEM-1702 exhibit a significant hypolipidemic activity. The most pronounced effect was observed for taurepar, which effectively prevented the experimental dislipoproteinemia in albino rats and guinea pigs.

[Anti-inflammatory and reparative effect of olipiphate].

The therapeutic effect of olipiphate was demonstrated for chronic inflammation of advanced arthritis and concanavalin A-related acute edema. The best systemic effect was obtained with 50 mg/kg, symptomatic--100 mg/kg. Skin wounds treated with 5% olipiphate (26 + 2) healed faster than those treated with 2% solcoseryl (30 + 0.8) or in control (33 + 0.6). It was shown histologically that the proliferative and antiphlogistic effect of olipiphate involved no scars.

[Physiological significance of gastroduodenal blood flow and possibilities of its regulation by drugs]. / Fiziologicheskoe znachenie gastroduodenal'nogo krovotoka i vozmozhnosti ego farmakoreguliatsii.

The authors review the role of the gastroduodenal blood flow as a factor ensuring the secretory activity and protective properties of the gastric mucosa. The possibilities of its pharmacoregulation are also reviewed. It has been shown that the decrease of the gastric blood flow in experimental hemorrhagic shock, extravasal celiac artery stenosis, effects of indomethacin, vasopressin, etc. leads to ischemic injuries to the gastric mucosa accompanied by serious morphological and functional disturbances. The pathogenetic aspects of ischemic injuries to the stomach and duodenum are confirmed by the results of clinical examinations of patients with compression celiac artery stenosis and peptic ulcer. It has been noted that in these patients, the tissue blood flow in the mucosa in considerably decreased in the area of ulcerous defect. The lowering of the content of total phospholipids and changes in their composition were also observed both in relapse and after healing. Out of agents that improve peripheral circulation, propranolol, tavegil combined with cimetidine, trimin appeared most potent. These drugs regulate metabolic processes in gastric tissue, normalizing blood flow, reducing the content of histamine, serotonin, lipid peroxidation products, raising the level of total phospholipids and pepsin.

[Biogenic amine content of rat gastric tissues during reduced gastric circulation]. / Soderzhanie biogennykh aminov v tkaniakh zheludka krys v usloviiakh redutsirovannogo zheludochnogo krovoobrashcheniia.

The content of biogenic amines in gastric tissues was studied in rats with celiac trunk stenosis 3 hours, one day, 2 and 7 days after operation. Chronic ischemia of the gastric wall was found to lead to the development of dystrophic changes in the gastric mucosa, accompanied by the decreased catecholamine content and elevated levels of histamine and serotonin.

[H1- and H2-receptor sensitivity to 3-(beta-aminoethyl)-1,2,4-triazole derivatives]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' H1- i H2-retseptorov gistamina k proizvodnym 3-(beta-minoetil)-1,2,4-triazola.

Histamine-like derivatives of 3-(beta-aminoethyl)-1,2,4-trizole were synthetized and subjected to a pharmacological study. The sensitivity of H1- and H2-receptors to these substances was defined by the following tests, viz. in the isolated uterus of a rat, on the isolated atrium of a guinea pig and measurements of the blood pressure nn a cat. The derivative 3-(beta-aminoethyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole (IEM-813) affects predominantly H1-receptors, while 3-(aminoethyl)-5-amino-1,2,4,triazole (IEM-759) has the closest affinity for H2-receptors, The authors presume that corresponding zones of histamine recpetors differ in their lyophilic and hydrophilic properties.

[Histamine-like stimulator of gastric secretion--3-(beta-aminoethyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole]. / Gistaminopodobnyi stimulator zheludochnoi sekretsii--3-(beta-aminoétil)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazol

3-(beta-aminoethyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazol or IEM-759 acts predominantly on the histamine H2-receptors in the dog stomach. It produces a lesser effect on the H1-histamine-sensitive receptors of the intestine, vessels and bronchi than histamine. Unlike histalog, IEM-759 taken per os is also effective, this pointing to a possibility of its use in gastoenterology for the assay of secretory capacity of the stomach.