ABSTRACT
The Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE), defined as "the health supervision of individuals, prior to the practice of physical activity and/or sports, which seeks to optimize their safe participation in sports and provide an opportunity to identify current and future risks to their health and quality of life", inclu des the Cardiovascular assessment, which aims to screen cardiovascular pathologies with the risk of worsening or sudden death during exercise. Although there is broad international consensus that the use of Pediatric Cardiovascular PPE in young athletes is useful, there is no consensus on whether this should be used in the entire pediatric population or on which is the best strategy to apply. This article presents the position of the scientific societies related to sport, physical activity and child health on the Pediatric Cardiovascular PPE.
Subject(s)
Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Sports , Adolescent , Algorithms , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Child , Child Health , Chile , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Electrocardiography , Humans , Medical History Taking , Physical Examination , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
La Evaluación Preparticipativa (EPP) definida como "la supervisión de salud de individuos, previo a la práctica de la actividad física y/o deporte, que busca optimizar su participación deportiva segura y brindar una oportunidad para identificar los riesgos actuales y futuros de su salud y su calidad de vida" contempla la EPP Cardiovascular (EPPC), que tiene por objetivo la pesquiza de patologías cardio vasculares con riesgo de agravarse o presentar muerte súbita durante la práctica de ejercicio. Si bien existe amplio consenso internacional respecto a que la realización de la EPPC en jovenes deportistas es de utilidad, no existe consenso respecto a si esta debe ser realizada a toda la población pediátrica ni tampoco sobre cuál es la mejor estrategia a aplicar. En el presente trabajo se presenta la posición de las sociedades cientificas relacionadas al deporte, actividad fisica y salud infantil sobre la Evaluación Preparticipativa Cardiovascular Pediátrica.
The Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE), defined as "the health supervision of individuals, prior to the practice of physical activity and/or sports, which seeks to optimize their safe participation in sports and provide an opportunity to identify current and future risks to their health and quality of life", inclu des the Cardiovascular assessment, which aims to screen cardiovascular pathologies with the risk of worsening or sudden death during exercise. Although there is broad international consensus that the use of Pediatric Cardiovascular PPE in young athletes is useful, there is no consensus on whether this should be used in the entire pediatric population or on which is the best strategy to apply. This article presents the position of the scientific societies related to sport, physical activity and child health on the Pediatric Cardiovascular PPE.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Sports , Mass Screening/methods , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Physical Examination , Algorithms , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Chile , Child Health , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Risk Assessment , Electrocardiography , Medical History TakingABSTRACT
A design paradigm is demonstrated that enables new functional 3D printed materials made by fused filament fabrication (FFF) utilizing a thermally reversible dynamic covalent Diels-Alder reaction to dramatically improve both strength and toughness via self-healing mechanisms. To achieve this, we used as a mending agent a partially cross-linked terpolymer consisting of furan-maleimide Diels-Alder (fmDA) adducts that exhibit reversibility at temperatures typically used for FFF printing. When this mending agent is blended with commercially available polylactic acid (PLA) and printed, the resulting materials demonstrate an increase in the interfilament adhesion strength along the z-axis of up to 130%, with ultimate tensile strength increasing from 10 MPa in neat PLA to 24 MPa in fmDA-enhanced PLA. Toughness in the z-axis aligned prints increases by up to 460% from 0.05 MJ/m(3) for unmodified PLA to 0.28 MJ/m(3) for the remendable PLA. Importantly, it is demonstrated that a thermally reversible cross-linking paradigm based on the furan-maleimide Diels-Alder (fmDA) reaction can be more broadly applied to engineer property enhancements and remending abilities to a host of other 3D printable materials with superior mechanical properties.
ABSTRACT
Applying a catalytic enantioselective aldehyde α-oxygenation condition to an enal substrate led to the discovery of the first α,ß,γ-trifunctionalization cascade of enals. Under optimal conditions, a tryptophan-derived imidazolidinone catalyst in fluorinated aromatic solvents provided α,ß,γ-trioxyaldehydes in up to 51% isolated yield (average of 80% yield per oxygenation step) and 85:15 er. Substitution at the δ position was tolerated, but not at the α, ß, or γ positions. The reaction proceeded through initial TEMPO incorporation at the γ position, and rapid racemization of this intermediate, reversible conjugate addition of water, followed by TEMPO incorporation at the α position to set all three stereocenters with double dynamic kinetic resolution.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/chemistry , Cyclic N-Oxides/chemistry , Imidazolidines/chemistry , Catalysis , Kinetics , Molecular Structure , Stereoisomerism , Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives , Tryptophan/chemistryABSTRACT
Differentially protected 1,2-diols were synthesized by enantioselective aldehyde α-oxygenation followed by organomagnesium or -lithium addition. Contrary to a previous report, the resultant diols possess an anti configuration. Good selectivity was achieved regardless of the hybridization state of the nucleophile or the presence or absence of branching. This method was applied to short syntheses of all possible stereoisomers of two oxylipins from Dracontium loretense with incomplete stereochemical assignments. Spectroscopic comparisons between the synthetic and natural oxylipins led to unambiguous assignments.
Subject(s)
Alcohols/chemical synthesis , Aldehydes/chemistry , Araceae/chemistry , Oxylipins/chemical synthesis , Alcohols/chemistry , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , Oxylipins/chemistry , Peru , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Tellurite, the most soluble tellurium oxyanion, is extremely harmful for most microorganisms. Part of this toxicity is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species that in turn cause oxidative stress. However, the way in which tellurite interferes with cellular processes is not well understood to date. Looking for new cellular tellurite targets, we decided to evaluate the functioning of the electron transport chain in tellurite-exposed cells. In this communication we show that the E. coli ndh gene, encoding NDH-II dehydrogenase, is significantly induced in toxicant-exposed cells and that the enzyme displays tellurite-reducing activity that results in increased superoxide levels in vitro.
Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Superoxides/metabolism , Tellurium/metabolism , Tellurium/pharmacology , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Escherichia coli/cytology , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidoreductases/geneticsABSTRACT
Hay argumentos teóricos y evidencias que sugieren que las estrategias de formación continuada más eficaces son aquéllas que tienen una mayor vinculación con la práctica profesional. El aprendizaje por resolución de problemas es la adquisición de conocimientos a partir de un problema que reproduce la realidad. Se presenta un formato concreto de sesiones basadas en múltiples escenarios clínicos: sesiones MUESCLI. El objetivo es proporcionar un modelo de actividad docente generada desde dentro de los propios equipos de Atención Primaria, y centrada en las necesidades de los profesionales y de sus pacientes. Se apoya decididamente en el valor del equipo como fuente de formación y valora la necesidad de rapidez de acceso a la información una vez que ha surgido un problema en la consulta (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Problem Solving , Primary Health Care , Education, Medical/methodsABSTRACT
Dermatomyositis was diagnosed at age 7 years to a fourteen year old female. The disease was unresponsive to high doses of prednisone, so she was treated with oral cyclophosphamide 0.8 mg.kg.day (25 mg.m2) but treatment was withheld after sixteen weeks because of hemorrhagic cystitis and changed to azathioprine for two years, which resulted in complete remission of dermatomyositis. Nevertheless silent microscopic hematuria persisted and chronic cystitis was demonstrated by cystoscopy and vesical biopsy at age 13 years. In this case chronic cystitis developed earlier and at lower doses of cyclophosphamide than in other previously reported cases.
