[Technologies for early diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases]. / Tekhnologii rannei diagnostiki patologicheskikh protsessov slizistoi obolochki rta.

OBJECTIVE: Expert evaluation of minimally invasive techniques in the diagnostic algorithm of pathological processes of the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fluorescence stomatoscopy of the oral mucosa of 1520 patients aged 18-65 years with analysis of color code of optical images was carried out. The nature of the disease was established by liquid cytology. PCR diagnostics was performed to detect oral-potential disorders provoked by human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus. RESULTS: Analysis of optical images of the normal and pathologically affected oral mucosa allows determining the possibilities of the technique to detect a hidden pathological process at the preclinical level. The results of liquid cytology in each case confirm the nature and depth of the pathological process. PCR diagnostics determines the presence of risk factors (Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59), contributing to the malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive examination of the oral mucosa using clinical-laboratory methods of visualizing pathological processes contributes to their early diagnosis, reduces the risk of advanced cases of oncopathology and allows extending life expectancy.

[Effect of sandblasting on the microroughness of ceramic restorations]. / Vliianie aéroabrazivnoi obrabotki na mikrosherokhovatost' konstruktsii iz stomatologicheskoi polevoshpatnoi keramiki.

The influence of aero-abrasive technology on the microroughness of the ceramic samples standardized in shape, structure, and manufacturing method was studied by comparing the results obtained from the action of alumina particles of 27 and 50 µm size under a pressure of 0.5 and 2 atm for 5 seconds at a distance of 3 cm. To objectify the features of the treated surface relief its micro-roughness has been studied. With the help of a scanning electron microscope the morphology of studied samples was visualized. The data confirming the reliable absence of differences in the microroughness between the sandblasting methods under the given conditions was obtained. Microphotographs of samples surface obtained using the mode of reflected electrons detection showed no significant structural differences between all groups of samples. Thus, sandblasting can be integrated into the general algorithm as a stage of ceramics preparation for adhesive fixation since it does not cause mechanical damage to the surface, does not fundamentally change its structure and cleans the surface from contamination.

[Oral diseases structure in patients with diffuse liver lesions before and after transplantation]. / Osobennosti struktury stomatologicheskikh zabolevanii u patsientov s diffuznymi porazheniiami pecheni do i posle transplantatsii.

Purpose of the study was to identify dental risk factors for complications at the stage of rehabilitation adaptation in patients with diffuse liver lesions. The study included 52 patients with diffuse liver lesions aged 25-55 years, who were divided between two groups of 26 persons with different dental status, depending on the main disease stage of treatment. RESEARCH METHODS: Clinical, x-ray, morphological, analytical, statistical. RESULTS: It has been reliably established that low level of oral hygiene, high intensity and prevalence of caries and its complications (foci of odontogenic infection), inflammatory periodontal diseases joined with severe teeth hyperesthesia, dominate in patients before liver transplantation, which confirms low level of sanitation on stages of preparation for surgical treatment. Chronic odontogenic infection in periodontal tissues with phenomena of epithelial cells dystrophy, candidiasis of the oral mucosa, foci of odontogenic infection, low level of oral hygine, tendency to precancerous diseases development are the risk factors for complications arise on the stage of rehabilitation adaptation in patients with diffuse liver lesions. CONCLUSION: The revealed relationship between diffuse liver lesions and dental status of patients, at the stages of preparation and after liver transplantation indicates, that a low level of oral cavity sanitation, the presence of odontogenic infection and periodontal disease worsen the course of the main disease, increase the risk of transplant rejection and require the creation of a dental rehabilitation system for this category of patients.

[Experimental and clinical rationale for the use of modern methods of teeth hyperesthesia treatment]. / Éksperimental'no-klinicheskoe obosnovanie primeneniia sovremennykh metodov lecheniia giperestezii zubov.

The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of treatment hyperesthesia of tooth tissues by improving medical and hygienic complexes based on the study of structural changes in dentin. A two-stage study was conducted. In the course of the experimental stage, the microstructure of the tooth dentin surface was studied in terms of its relief on an atomic force microscope in normal conditions, with hypersensitivity and under the influence of the studied preparations (Gluma Desensitizer, Tokuyama Shield Force Plus, Colgate SensitivePro-Relief, Biorepair Oral Care), the material for studing was human teeth with hypersensitive dentin (100) of 1-2 degrees and 25 teeth without hyperesthesia (control group). In the groups for the clinical study were included 100 people with localized hyperesthesia of teeth I-II degree, which, depending on the medical-hygienic complexes used, were divided into 2 groups, 4 subgroups of 25 people. The clinical efficacy of the proposed treatment regimens was assessed using indices: Schiff sensitivity, NRS pain scale, tooth hyperesthesia intensity and prevalence, OHI-S hygiene index in dynamics (before and after treatment, at 3 and 9 months). As a result of the in vitro experiment it was established that after the use of professional desensitizers, the roughness parameters of teeth with hypersensitivity approach the values of a healthy tooth, and after using home remedies there is no qualitative change in the surface. In clinical conditions, it was found that the means for professional use have a significant effect of reducing the sensitivity of teeth, the subsequent treatment of hyperesthesia of the teeth at home is necessary to achieve a stable result. The obtained results allowed to optimize the pathogenetic treatment regimens for dentine hypersensitivity and to integrate the developed medical-hygienic complexes.

[Relationship between visceral diseases and oral health].

The paper analyzes the literature showing that there is not only a phylogenetic relationship, but also a functional one between visceral diseases and oral health. It gives data on the unity of the occurrence of somatic and dental diseases. There is evidence for cause-and-effect relationships between them, which arise from immune imbalance, interleukin dysregulation, and nonspecific inresistance. There was a negative comorbidity of visceral diseases and oral health, namely, a relationship of dental diseases to the patients' general condition, as well as the impact of the foci of chronic oral infection on the development of systemic diseases. Mechanisms of a relationship between oral infection and secondary systemic manifestations are also described. It has been established that transient bacteremia odontogenic is detected at a dental visit and conditions for its transformation to any infectious diseases are also outlined. Unified systems approaches to treating polymorbidity are found to be needed.

[Integrated approach to the treatment of oral mucosa diseases in patients with chronic gastritis].

The article presents data on the clinical and microbiological short and long term efficacy of treatment of the oral mucosa diseases in patients with Helicobacter pylori associated and not associated chronic gastritis depending on the chosen treatment regimen.

[Mistakes and complications appearing during treatment of chronic pulpitis of the deciduos teeth in children].

On the basis of clinical data dentists' mistakes and complication appearing in treatment of chronic pulpitis of the deciduous teeth in children in private dental clinics were investigated. Causes of their occurrence were revealed and ways of their prophylaxis were suggested.

[Analysis of the oral cavity clinical immunological status in patients with chronic generalized mild and moderate parodontitis when treated with antibacterial means].

The article highlights the data about local immunity of the patients having cronic generalized periodontitis. Results of the conservative treatment with adhesive balm Asepta, gel Hyaludent with metronidazole and clorhexidine and Metrogyl Denta have shown the influence upon immunologic status of the patients.

[Optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of the oral cavity mucosa. Part II. Benign and malignant diseases]. / Opticheskaia kogerentnaia tomografiia v otsenke sostoianiia slizistoi obolochki polosti rta. Soobshchenie II. Dobrokachestvennye i zlokachestvennye zabolevaniia.

This paper is the last one in the series of publications on the investigation of the capability of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in diagnostic of state of oral cavity mucosa. Part II demonstrates the diversity of optical images, different forms specific to leukoplakia, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of the investigation of 56 pathologic lesions of 43 patients with precancer and cancer of oral cavity. The OCT sensitivity in malignancy detection in oral cavity is high - 83%, specificity is 98%, and accuracy is 81%. The kappa coefficient of interobserver agreement is 0.76.

[Optic coherent tomography in evaluation of the buccal mucosa status. Communication 1. Normal mucosa]. / Opticheskaia kogerentnaia tomografiia v otsenke sostoianiia slizistoi obolochki polosti rta. Soobshchenie 1. Normal'naia slizistaia obolochka.

The potentialities of optic coherent tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of the buccal mucosa status were studied and the results are presented in two communications. Communication 1 demonstrates the tomograms of various parts of normal buccal mucosa and methods of their identification as exemplified by analysis of 1180 in vivo and 43 ex vivo OCT images. Using parallel histo-tomographic comparison, the authors distinguished the main signs of optic images, depending on the type of epithelium and characteristic features of the connective tissue stroma in various parts of the buccal mucosa. These signs are essential for understanding the optic images of the mucosa in disease, which will be shown in communication 2.

[On racial-ethnic features of the mucosal structure of the gingival edge and tongue]. / O rasovo-étnicheskikh osobennostiakh stroeniia slizistoi obolochki kraia desny i rel'efa iazyka.

The structure of the mucosal membrane of the gingiva and dorsal surface of the tongue was studied in 415 residents (men and women aged 18-35 years) of Africa, Southern, Central, and Northern Asia, and Russia in order to detect racial and ethnic differences. A complex of modern methods of investigation was used (use of intraoral videotape recorder, digital photo, computer analysis, plaster models, uni- and multi-dimensional mathematical analysis). The data can be practically important in forensic medical personality identification.

[Complex study of the tongue mucosa for identification of a person]. / Kompleksnoe issledovanie slizistoi obolochki iazvyka s tsel'iu identifikatsii lichnosti.

Patterns of the dorsal surface of the mucosa of the tongue was studied in order to detect its specific features in 749 normal subjects of both sexes aged 5-85 years (422 men and 327 women). Racial characteristics of the tongue mucosa structure were studied in 114 foreign students from Africa and Asia. Tongues of 272 corpses of both sexes were examined. A complex of modern methods was used: measurements of geometric parameters, plaster models, computer studies, etc. Unidimensional and multidimensional mathematical analysis helped detect the most significant identification signs of the mucosa of the tongue. The results enabled the authors to create a mathematical model of the tongue allowing identification of sex, age, and ethnic appurtenance.