Netrin-3 Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Gating the Intra-epidermal Sprouting of Sensory Axons / 神经科学通报·英文版

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is the most common disabling complication of diabetes. Emerging evidence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area; however, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. Here we found that an axon guidance molecule, Netrin-3 (Ntn-3), was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model. Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice. In contrast, the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regulator of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons, indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.

NIH Funding of COVID-19 Research in 2020: a Cross Sectional Study

ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize and evaluate the NIHs grant allocation pattern of COVID-19 research. DesignCross sectional study SettingCOVID-19 NIH RePORTER Dataset was used to identify COVID-19 relevant grants. Participants1,108 grants allocated to COVID-19 research. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was to determine the number of grants and funding amount the NIH allocated for COVID-19 by research type and clinical/scientific area. The secondary outcome was to calculate the time from the funding opportunity announcement to the award notice date. ResultsThe NIH awarded a total of 56,169 grants in 2020, of which 2.0% (n=1,108) were allocated for COVID-19 research. The NIH had a $42 billion budget that year, of which 5.3% ($2.2 billion) was allocated to COVID-19 research. The most common clinical/scientific areas were social determinants of health (n=278, 8.5% of COVID-19 funding), immunology (n=211, 25.8%), and pharmaceutical interventions research (n=208, 47.6%). There were 104 grants studying COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, of which 2 grants studied the efficacy of face masks and 6 studied the efficacy of social distancing. Of the 83 COVID-19 funded grants on transmission, 5 were awarded to study airborne transmission of COVID-19, and 2 grants on transmission of COVID-19 in schools. The average time from the funding opportunity announcement to the award notice date was 151 days (SD: {+/-}57.9). ConclusionIn the first year of the pandemic, the NIH diverted a small fraction of its budget to COVID-19 research. Future health emergencies will require research funding to pivot in a timely fashion and funding levels to be proportional to the anticipated burden of disease in the population.

Centrosomal protein FOR20 knockout mice display embryonic lethality and left-right patterning defects.

Centrosomal protein FOR20 has been reported to be crucial for essential cellular processes, including ciliogenesis, cell migration, and cell cycle in vertebrates. However, the function of FOR20 during mammalian embryonic development remains unknown. To investigate the in vivo function of the For20 gene in mammals, we generated For20 homozygous knockout mice by gene targeting. Our data reveal that homozygous knockout of For20 results in significant embryonic growth arrest and lethality during gestation, while the heterozygotes show no obvious defects. The absence of For20 leads to impaired left-right patterning of embryos and reduced cilia in the embryonic node. Deletion of For20 also disrupts angiogenesis in yolk sacs and embryos. These results highlight a critical role of For20 in early mammalian embryogenesis.

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β mRNA, microRNA-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β(CEBPβ) mRNA, miR-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 regulate the hepatocytes in G

Development of a blocking ELISA based on a single-domain antibody target the S1 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to develop a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) based on a biotinylated nanobody target the S1 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) for detecting the anti-PEDV antibodies and evaluating the immune effect of the vaccine. The gene encoding the single-domain antibody sdAb3 target the PEDV S1 protein was amplified and the Avitag sequence was fused at its 3'-end. The PCR product was cloned into the expression vector pET-21b for expression and purification of the sdAb3-Avitag protein. The purified sdAb3-Avitag fusion protein was biotinylated and its activity was determined. Using the recombinant S1 protein as a coating antigen, a bELISA was established and optimized. Serum samples were tested in parallel by the bELISA and a commercial kit. The recombinant vector pET21b-sdAb3-Avitag was constructed to express the tagged sdAb3. After induction for expression, the biotin-labeled sdAb3 (sdAb3-Biotin) with high purity and good activity was obtained. For the optimized bELISA, the coating concentration of the S1 protein was 200 ng/well, the serum dilution was 1:2 and incubated for 2 h, the dilution ratio of the biotinylated sdAb3 was 1:8 000 and incubated for 30 min, the dilution of the enzyme-labeled antibody was 1:5 000 and incubated for 30 min. The bELISA had no cross reaction with the sera of major porcine viruses including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and showed good specificity and reproducibility. For a total of 54 porcine serum samples tested, the overall compliance rate of the bELISA with a commercial kit was 92.56%. This study developed a rapid and reliable bELISA method, which can be used for serosurveillance and vaccine evaluation for PEDV.

Early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in China: a case-comparison study

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly throughout China and the world. Hence, early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies that investigated the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China are relatively few. We aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for prevention and control between COVID-19 and H7N9 avian influenza, which was commended by the international community, in China. MethodsA case-comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai, China and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. FindingsA report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the case of COVID-19 than in the case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 days vs. 31 days). The government response regarding COVID-19 was 10 days later than that regarding avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 days vs. 41 days). ConclusionsThe identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the governments slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.

Comparing the process of early control of government between H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai in 2013 and COVID-19 in Wuhan in 2019 / 上海预防医学

[Objective] To analyze and judge the possibility of early control in Shanghai if COVID-19 begins in Shanghai. [Methods] Compare the process of early control of H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai in 2013 and Wuhan COVID-19 in 2019. The early incidence data of Korean COVID-19 was simulated and analyzed to predict whether the medical resources needed in Shanghai were available. [Results] (1) It would take 22 days from the first case to the government's emergency response in terms of Shanghai. (2) It is estimated that there would be 602-763 patients with cumulative onset and onset after incubation period. (3) At least 500 beds of infectious diseases can be allocated in Shanghai in case of emergency. Through adding beds and resources reallocation in the whole city, patients can be fully admitted and treated. [Conclusion] If COVID-19 epidemic occurs in Shanghai, early control is possible.

Protective effect and mechanism of esculetin on oxidative damaged ARPE-19 cells / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect and the mechanism of esculetin on oxidative-stressed human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP).Methods:The ARPE-19 cells were divided into blank control group, model control group, 20 μmol/L esculetin group, 40 μmol/L esculetin group, 80 μmol/L esculetin group and 100 μmol/L esculetin group.The cells in the blank control group were normally cultured.The cells in the model control group were treated with 900 μmol/L t-BHP for 4 hours.The rest four groups were treated with 900 μmol/L t-BHP+ different molar concentrations of esculetin respectively for 4 hours.The cell viability of the each group was detected by MTS method.The activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence staining, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the cells from each group were measured with each corresponding assay kit, respectively.Results:The relative viabilities of the cells in the blank control group, model control group, 20 μmol/L esculetin group, 40 μmol/L esculetin group, 80 μmol/L esculetin group and 100 μmol/L esculetin group were (100.00±1.58)%, (49.19±1.06)%, (76.82±3.48)%, (103.90±1.60)%, (111.70±3.36)% and (113.40±3.08)%, respectively.There was a significant difference among the groups ( F=95.44, P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the viability of the cells in the model control group was decreased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the model control group, the cell viabilities in different concentrations of esculetin groups were increased significantly (all at P<0.01). There were significant differences between the groups in the relative value of ROS fluorescence intensity, MDA level, SOD activity, CAT activity and GSH-Px activity ( F=575.20, 40.61, 1 802.00, 41.62, 38.31; all at P<0.01). Compared with the model control group, the levels of ROS and MDA were decreased significantly, while the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were increased significantly in different concentrations of esculetin-treated groups (all at P<0.01). Conclusions:Esculetin can protect the oxidative damaged ARPE-19 cells by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes or antioxidant proteins.

Comparison of the early control process of H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze and estimate the possibility of early control in Shanghai if COVID-19 had begun in Shanghai. Methods Comparison was made in the processes of early control between H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai in 2013 and COVID-19 in Wuhan in 2019.The early incidence data of Korean COVID-19 was simulated and analyzed to predict whether the medical resources needed in Shanghai were available. Results If it had occurred in Shanghai, it would have taken 22 days from the first case to the government′s emergency response.It was estimated that there would have been 602-763 patients with cumulative onset and onset after incubation period.At least 500 beds of infectious diseases could have been allocated in Shanghai in case of emergency.Through adding beds and resources reallocation in the whole city, patients could have been fully admitted and treated. Conclusion If COVID-19 epidemic had occurred in Shanghai, it′s early control would have been possible though there might have difficulties.

Analysis of the present medical service of China′s public hospitals as guided by China Healthcare Improvement Initiative / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To objectively study the current progress of China Healthcare Improvement Initiative, and its effectiveness and shortcomings for further improvement. Methods Questionnaires were customized by expert consultation and pre-investigation, and distributed by the National Health Commission in April 2018 to the hospitals.Data of 5 469 hospitals were recovered and analyzed with a statistics software for descriptive analysis.Results Implementation progress of the five working systems varied with regions, and rooms of improvement were found in such aspects as outpatient appointment, clinical pathway management and social work system.In 2017, the proportion of outpatient appointments of 5 469 hospitals averaged 19.1%.Progress of the ten major service models also varied, as defects were found in such service models as continuous medical service, intelligent service, and interconnection service.In 2017, only 6.7% of the 5 469 hospitals had put in place hierarchical integrated clinical pathways within their medical alliances.Conclusions Improvement of the medical services calls for not only the efforts of medical institutions themselves, but also top-level design by the local health authorities. In particular, an online information platform should be established for the whole region, to unify the information standards and processes, and corresponding mechanisms and system support are needed.

Protective effects of Epigallocatechin gallate on liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective roles of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats.Methods 30 healthy male SD rats were selected and equally and randomly divided into 3 groups.Sham group,IRI group and IRI-EGCG group were established to construct 70％ liver IRI rat model.Drinking water with 0.4 mg/ml EGCG was administered for 2 weeks before the experiment in IRI-EGCG group.HE staining was performed to evaluate the injury.Transaminases in serum were investigated to assess liver injury.p-p85 and p-AKT was detected by Western-blot assay.qPCR was carried out to study the mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in liver tissue.The secretion of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 β in serum was examined with ELISA assay.Results EGCG pretreatment reduced ASTand ALT in serum [AST:(550.0 ±66.5) IU/L vs.(220.0 ±63.5) IU/L;ALT:(376.0 ± 25.7) IU/L vs.(158.0 ± 33.1) IU/L,all P ＜ 0.05] and mitigated liver tissue damage.p-p85 and p-AKT increased due to liver IRI,and IRI-EGCG group showed higher expression of p85 and AKT.The proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 β exhibited a relatively lower mRNA expression in IRI-EGCG group comparing with IRI group.IRI-EGCG group also revealed a decreased secretion of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in serum [TNF-α:(398.0±33.4) ng/Lvs.(211.0±23.6) ng/L;IL-6:(341.0±27.3) ng/L vs.(187.0±19.6) ng/L;IL-1β:(486.0±43.7) ng/L vs.(352.0±31.5) ng/L;allP＜0.05].Conclusion EGCG pretreatment can enhance IRI-induced activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines to exert liver protective effects.

Glycyrrhizin induces autophagic cell death in MHCC97-H cell line in vitro / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizin in MHCC97-H cell line in vitro and explore the relevant mechanism.Methods MHCC97-H cells were cultured in vitro and treated with Glycyrrhizin in different concentrations and then cell viability was assayed at different time points.The concentration and time were selected with 50％ cell viability.MHCC97-H cell plate clone formation assay and invasion-migration experiment were also performed to study the tumor-suppressor efficacy of Glycyrrhizin.Acridine orange staining was used to evaluate the formation of autophagic vacuoles.Meanwhile,3-MA and Atg7-siRNA were both employed to avoid the autophagy activation in MHCC97-H cells and cell viability was reassessed.Western-blot was carried out to study the expression of autophagic proteins of LC3B,p-mTOR and p-ERK1/2.Results It showed Glycyrrhizin significantly inhibited MHCC97-H cell viability and the concentration and time at 50％ cell viability were 2 mmol/L and 48 h respectively.Clone number in Glycyrrhizin group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (176.7 ± 14.5 vs.410.0 ± 32.1).Invasion-migration rate was also lower in Glycyrrhizin group compared with the control group (41.0％ ±3.8％ vs.100％).Autophagic vacuoles was increased in MHCC97-H cells when treated with Glycyrrhizin and expression of LC3B-Ⅱ was enhanced and LC3B-Ⅱ/I Ratio was increased,at the same time degradation of P62 was accelerated.Reduced p-mTOR in concurrence with upregulated p-ERK1/2 could be observed in MHCC97-H cells administered with Glycyrrhi-zin.Cell groups additionally treated with 3-MA or Atg7-siRNA exerted higher cell viability (64.3％ vs.45.9％ and 67.7％ vs.47.1％,respectively).Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can induce excessive autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cause autophagic cell death and exhibit great potential in clinical application.

Effect of curcumin combined with cytarabine on proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG1a / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin ( CUR) combined with cytarabine( Ara-C) on the pro-liferation and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leuke-mia cell line KG1a and its relationship with autophagy. Methods The optimal combination concentration of curcumin and cytarabine was screened by MTT method and the combined effects were detected. The effects of CUR and Ara-C on the proliferation, autophagy, apop-tosis and cycle of KG1a cells were analyzed. Results Both CUR and Ara-C significantly inhibited the prolif-eration of KG1a cells ( P<0.05) , and showed a dose-and time-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of cells treated with 40 μmol·L-1CUR and 0.5 μmol· L-1 Ara-C was significantly higher than that of the other doses alone. The survival rate of cells pretreated with 3-MA was significantly decreased ( P <0.05 ) . Auto-phagic vacuoles was observed in cells with Acridine or-ange staining methods, the expression rate of the com-bination group was higher than the single group, and can be inhibited by 3-MA. The apoptosis rate of the combined group was higher than that of the single group. The apoptosis rate of the 3-MA pretreatment group was higher than that of the single group ( P <0.05). Cell numbers of the G0/G1 phase were signifi-cantly more than the S phase. The expression of caspase-3, LC3 and Beclin-1 were up-regulated while the Bcl-2 was down-regulated(P<0.05). The protein level of caspase-3 and Beclin-1 of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the single group ( P <0.05 ) , and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰwas increased. The Beclin-1 expression and caspase-3 expression in 3-MA pretreatment group decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Curcumin can induce autoph-agy and apoptosis of KG1a cells and increase the sensi-tivity of leukemic cells to cytarabine. Autophagy inhib-itor 3-MA can not only inhibit the autophagy but also promote apoptosis.

Study on Losses and Gains of Medical Insurance Funds Induced by Essential Medicine System in a County / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore losses and gains (L&G) and L&G ratio induced by Essential Medicine System in a county. METHODS:By choosing a county in western China as sample area,field investigation was used to collect outpatient and inpatient visits,outpatient and inpatient income,drug income,total length of stay and medical insurance reimbursement criteria in primary medical institutions (township health centers,village health rooms) of the county during 2009-2015. By setting the year 2009 as the baseline year,the drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance was simulated and calculated when Essential Medicine System were not implemented;L&G and L&G ratio of medical insurance were calculated by comparing with actual drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance. RESULTS:The year 2012,in which the sample county fully implemented the Essential Medicine System was the turning year. Medical insurance funds lost in primary medical institutions of the county during 2010-2011(lost 437000,915000 yuan,respectively),but gained during 2012 to 2015(gained 199000,494000,858000,1290000 yuan, respectively);the L&G ratio increased from -0.67％ to 1.21％. For reimbursed outpatient drug cost and inpatient cost,L&G of medical insurance were different. For reimbursed drug cost of village health room and township health center,L&G of medical insurance were also different. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of Essential Medicine System benefits to medical insurance within the county and Medical insurance funds can be saved.

The empirical study on the methodology of increasing the designated medical insurance drug-stores:Ideas,steps and effect forecasts / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:Using an area in east of China as a case,the paper exploit the methodology to define and visualize the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service through using ArcGIS and its function modules to analy-zing the basic data including this area's population distribution,address of drugstores,administrative districts,road network and soon.Plan A based on the 15-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, shows that this area need to increase 548 medical insurances designated drugstore,the effect of which was service area can be increased by 12.36%,service population can be increased by 10.82%, designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 8.36%;Plan B based on the 10-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, displays that this area need to increase 1197 medical insurance designated drugstore, the effect of which was service area can be in-creased by 15.23%,service population can be increased by 20.49%,designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 19%.

A layout planning methodology of increasing the designated medical insurance drugstores guided by fairness and efficiency / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: This paper develops a methodology for steady and orderly expansion of the designated medical insurance drugstores. Methods:With the help of grid management ideology, the paper uses ArcGIS and its function modules to define and visualize the scope of the medical insurance drugs service with the guidance of fairness and efficiency through analyzing the basic data including population distribution, the physical distribution of drug-stores and soon. Results:In order to figure out the procedure of the methodology,the key problems were all solved, including defining and visualizing the scope of the medical insurance drugs service area,,checking and ratifying the scope that need to supplement or increase the medical insurance drugstores, making measures for the annual imple-mentation and confirming a selection principle for designated medical insurance drugstores. Conclusion:The Method-ology guided by fairness and efficiency of the medicare designated pharmacy layout planning is practical and feasible, which can probably provide a reference for increasing the designated medical insurance drugstores steadily and orderly.

A methodology of defining and visualizing the scope of the basic medical insurance pharmacy service / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:The paper aims at developing a method of defining and visualizing the scope of the basic medical insurance pharmacy service, and provides a new way of thinking for the designated pharmacy planning. Methods:Collecting the basic data and information on administrative divisions in the planning area taking equity and efficiency as the guidance, using ArcGIS and its function modules to define and visualize the scope of the medical in-surance pharmacy service. The procedure of issue focus, method improvement, data simulation, expert consultation, methodology perfecting were followed to define and visualize the scope. Results:Forming a whole set of operative pro-cedures of defining and visualizing the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service based on medical resources allocation standard, and the operation commands and procedures in ArcGIS were clarified. Conclusion:Operating ac-cording to the appropriate method steps, the following can be achieved:(1) The adjacent scope of medical insurance pharmacy service are adjacent to each other but do not overlap or cross;(2) Spatial relations can be clearly and ef-fectively expressed;(3) The shape is flat and regular;(4) The data collected at different times can be comparable in space, providing good prerequisites for medical insurance designated pharmacy planning.

Losses and gains of medical facilities induced by implementing the Essential Medicines System in a poverty-stricken county / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To analyze losses and gains (L&G) of basic medical institutions induced by the Essen-tial Medicines Policy.Methods: Choosing some poverty-stricken county in western China as sample area to conduct field research,using 2009 as baseline year,to calculate L&G and L&G ratio of basic medical institutions caused by adjustments of drug policy,medical services prices, and government subsidies from 2009—2015. Results: Medical facilities have gained after the implementation of the Essential Medicines Policy as a whole. Gains were on an upward trend from 2009—2015,and L&G ratio increased from -2.15% in 2009 to 47.70% in 2015. For medical facilities at different levels, their gains attributed to different causes. Gains for medical facilities at village and town levels mainly attributed to government subsidies;gains for medical facilities at county level mainly attributed to adjustment of medical services prices. Conclusions:Implementation of the Essential Medicines Policy has helped adjust composi-tion of losses and gains of medical facilities. Moving forward,functions and development of medical facilities should be strengthened with a focus on adjusting medical services prices for medical facilities at town level.

Clinical characteristics of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and side effects,with regard to glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension,glaucoma or cataract in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.Methods:Clinical data were collected and analyzed from 71 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome with glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension,glaucoma or cataract from Jun.2014 to Jun.2016.These children were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital.Results:Totally 1 580 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were collected,glucocorticoid-induced complications in eyes were found in 71 cases,and the incidence was 4.5％.There were 66 cases with ocular hypertension,2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma,2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma combined with cataract,1 case with high intraocular pressure combined with cataract.There were 41 boys and 30 girls with eye-related side effects caused by glucocorticoid.The average age of onset of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome in our research were 8 (2,16) years.The average duration or interval time from glucocorticoid medication use to eye adverse effects was 157 (6,420) days.No statistical significance was found in intraocular pressure between different genders,types of glucocorticoid,different route of glucocorticoid and whether methylprednisolone pulse treatment (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between age,body mass index,blood pressure,cumulative dosage,duration time of glucocorticoid,mean daily dosage and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension (P ＞ 0.05).The ocular hypertension was controlled after treatment.Conclusion:Children with nephrotic syndrome after treatment of glucocorticoid are susceptible to ocular complications,and the occurrence of ocular hypertension is closely related to glucocorticoid susceptibility of the nephrotic children.Regular eye monitor is indispensable for the children suffering from primary nephrotic syndrome.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery for resectable stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic evaluation / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for resectable stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Clinical trials of SBRT or surgery for resectable stage Ⅰ NSCLC were collected by computerized search of Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBM,CNKI,and VIP.Literature selection,quality evaluation,and data extraction were performed by two inspectors based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A meta-analysis was performed on the enrolled studies using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of four clinical trials involving 410 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival rate between SBRT and surgery (RR=1.13,95％ CI=0.66-1.94,P=0.66);there was no significant difference in local control rate between SBRT and surgery (RR=0.71,95％ CI=0.26-1.93,P=0.50);patients treated with SBRT had significantly lower incidence rates of grade 3-4 adverse reactions than those treated with surgery (RR=0.29,95％ CI=0.16-0.53,P=0.000).Conclusions SBRT shows equivalent efficacy to surgery in the treatment of resectable stage Ⅰ NSCLC.However,due to the limitations in this systematic evaluation,the conclusion needs to be further confirmed by large randomized controlled trials.