Ganoderic acid A ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in CSDS mice: Insights from proteomic profiling and molecular mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: Ganoderic Acid A (GAA), a primary bioactive component in Ganoderma, has demonstrated ameliorative effects on depressive-like behaviors in a Chronic Social Defeat Stress (CSDS) mouse model. This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms through proteomic analysis. METHODS: C57BL/6 J mice were allocated into control (CON), chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), GAA, and imipramine (IMI) groups. Post-depression induction via CSDS, the GAA and IMI groups received respective treatments of GAA (2.5 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) for five days. Behavioral assessments utilized standardized tests. Proteins from the prefrontal cortex were analyzed using LC-MS, with further examination via bioinformatics and PRM for differential expression. Western blot analysis confirmed protein expression levels. RESULTS: Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, which were significantly alleviated by GAA treatment, comparably to imipramine (IMI). Proteomic analysis identified distinct proteins in control (305), GAA-treated (949), and IMI-treated (289) groups. Enrichment in mitochondrial and synaptic proteins was evident from GO and PPI analyses. PRM analysis revealed significant expression changes in proteins crucial for mitochondrial and synaptic functions (namely, Naa30, Bnip1, Tubgcp4, Atxn3, Carmil1, Nup37, Apoh, Mrpl42, Tprkb, Acbd5, Dcx, Erbb4, Ppp1r2, Fam3c, Rnf112, and Cep41). Western blot validation in the prefrontal cortex showed increased levels of Mrpl42, Dcx, Fam3c, Ppp1r2, Rnf112, and Naa30 following GAA treatment. CONCLUSION: GAA exhibits potential antidepressant properties, with its action potentially tied to the modulation of synaptic functions and mitochondrial activities.

Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry.

Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90 thousand patients and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. In addition to the standard precautions, some special precautions that should be implemented during an outbreak have been raised in this review.

Autotransplantation of third molars with completely formed roots to replace compromised molars with the computer-aided rapid prototyping.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method to fabricate donor tooth replica to assist surgeons in preparation of recipient socket during tooth autotransplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 compromised molars in 27 patients were transplanted with third molars using computer-aided rapid prototyping (CARP) technique. Surgery time and extra-alveolar time were documented. Postoperatively, the distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was measured. The degree of postoperative pain experienced was assessed with visual analog scale at day 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS: From 28 clinical cases, the average extra-alveolar time and surgery time were 2.5 minutes (±1.3) and 44 minutes (±6.8), respectively. Postoperatively, the average distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was 0.87 mm (±0.15) at the mesial-cervix, 0.95 mm (±0.17) at the distal-cervix, 0.88 mm (±0.18) at the buccal-cervix, and 0.95 mm (±0.13) at the lingual-cervix. The value of visual analog scale score significantly decreased from day 1 to day 3. CONCLUSIONS: CARP is a reliable technique for fabrication of tooth like surgical replicas in conventional autotransplantation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: CARP technique minimized extra-oral time, reduced iatrogenic damage, and consequently increased the survival rate of tooth autotransplantation.

[Effects of Maxing Shigan Decoction Decocted by Different Methods and Its Drug Containing Serum on Neuraminidase Activity of Influenza A Virus].

Objective To observe the effects of Maxing Shigan Decoction (MSD) decocted by different methods and its drug containing serum on neuraminidase ( NA ) activity of influenza A virus (IAV). Methods The effects of MSD decocted by different methods, its corresponding drug containing serums , and drug containing serum in inhibiting the proliferation of virus on NA activity of IAV were detected using 2-(4-methyl umbelliferyl )-α-D-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (MUNANA) as substrate. Results (1) Effect of MSD on NA activity of IAV: OD value was less in groups with Ephedra decocted 25-min earlier and 30-min earlier than the group with four drugs decocted at the same time (P <0. 05, P <0. 01) ; (2) Effect of MSD on NA activity of IAV: OD value was less in groups with Ephedra decocted 30-min earlier and 40-min earlier than the group with four drugs decocted at the same time (P <0. 05, P <0. 01) ; (3) In the process of inhibiting viral multiplication, effect of MSD containing serum on NA activity of IAV: OD value was less in groups with Ephedra decocted 5 -20 min earlier, 30 min earlier, 35 min earlier than the group with four drugs decocted at the same time (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). In terms of drug concentration, OA value decreased more in 6. 25% and 12. 50% MSD containing serums than in 25. 00% MSD containing serum (P <0. 01). Conclusion MSD decocted by different methods might lead to different anti-IAV effects.