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1.
Equine Vet J ; 49(4): 501-506, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27565130

ABSTRACT

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Working horses, donkeys and mules suffer from numerous diseases and clinical problems. However, there is little information on what owners perceive as important health concerns in their working animals. OBJECTIVES: To identify and prioritise with owners the diseases and other health concerns in working equids in central Ethiopia using participatory methodologies. STUDY DESIGN: Participatory situation analysis (PSA). METHODS: The study was conducted with carthorse- and donkey-owners in 16 sites in central Ethiopia. Multiple participatory methodologies were utilised, including ranking, matrices and focus group discussions. Owners' perceptions on frequency, importance, morbidity and mortality of volunteered diseases and the clinical signs that owners attributed to each disease were obtained; information regarding the impact of these diseases and health concerns was also sought. RESULTS: A total of 40 separate disease and health problems were volunteered by carthorse- and donkey-owners. Horse-owners volunteered a musculoskeletal syndrome (with the local name 'bird', clinical signs suggest possible disease pathologies including equine exertional rhabdomyolysis), colic and epizootic lymphangitis most frequently, whereas donkey-owners volunteered sarcoids, nasal discharge and wounds to occur most frequently. One problem (coughing) was volunteered frequently by both horse- and donkey-owners. Owners demonstrated knowledge of differing manifestations and severity of these problems, which resulted in differing impacts on the working ability of the animal. CONCLUSIONS: Although many of the diseases and clinical signs had been previously reported, this study also identified some previously unreported priorities such as rabies in donkeys, an unidentified musculoskeletal syndrome in horses and respiratory signs in both horses and donkeys. The information gathered during this participatory study with owners may be used to inform future veterinary and educational programme interventions, as well as identify future research priorities.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry , Equidae , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Colic , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Female , Horse Diseases/etiology , Horses , Male , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Prev Vet Med ; 120(3-4): 265-76, 2015 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25980831

ABSTRACT

Epizootic lymphangitis (EZL) is reported to have a significant impact upon livelihoods within resource-poor settings. This study used a participatory approach to explore peoples' experiences of EZL and examine the perceived impact of disease, owner knowledge and understanding of EZL, lay management of disease and, attitudes and strategies towards disease prevention. Focus-group discussions were held with 358 cart-horse owners and drivers recruited from 7 towns attended by SPANA (Society for the protection of animals abroad) mobile veterinary clinics and 2 unexposed towns where no SPANA clinics were available. Focus group discussions explored four main research questions: (1) Is EZL recognised by animal owners, and is this considered an important disease in equids? (2) What factors do animal owners associate with the development of disease? (3) What happens to an animal with clinical disease and how does this impact upon the owner/community? (4) Are measures taken to reduce disease occurrence? These key areas were explored using photographs, disease ranking, matrices and open discussion. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results are presented thematically and include: recognition and descriptions of EZL, treatment strategies used, disease priorities and ranking, impact of disease, disease transmission and attitudes and approaches to disease prevention. EZL was widely recognised and ranked highly as an important disease of equids. However, there was uncertainty around identifying early cases of EZL, and this could impact upon the timing of initiating treatment and separating potentially infectious animals. People had varying knowledge of effective methods for disease prevention and reported particular difficulties with isolating infected animals. The impact of EZL was multi-dimensional and encompassed effects upon the horse, the individual owner and the wider society. Working equids provide a vital utility and source of income to many people in resource-poor settings. Often, infection with EZL resulted in a reduction in working ability which had a direct impact upon the livelihoods of owners and their dependent family members. EZL also impacted upon the welfare of the horse as sick animals continued to be worked and, in advanced cases, horses were abandoned due to ineffective or unavailable treatment. This study conceptualises the importance of EZL due to the effects of the disease on the horse and its impact upon human livelihoods. Epizootic lymphangitis is a neglected disease that requires further investigation in order to develop practical and sustainable disease control strategies within endemic regions.


Subject(s)
Community-Based Participatory Research , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Lymphangitis/veterinary , Zoonoses/prevention & control , Animal Husbandry , Animal Welfare , Animals , Ethiopia , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horses , Humans , Lymphangitis/diagnosis , Lymphangitis/prevention & control , Ownership , Socioeconomic Factors , Zoonoses/diagnosis
3.
Vet Rec ; 172(4): 99, 2013 Jan 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23155077

ABSTRACT

Ocular disease is a frequent finding in working horses. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and types of ocular pathology, and explore risk factors potentially associated with disease within a population of working horses in Ethiopia. In total, 1049 horses were selected from horses attending clinics run by the Society for Protection of Animals Abroad (SPANA). Each had an ophthalmic examination conducted under field conditions using a pen-torch. All owners completed a short questionnaire. The prevalence of ocular abnormalities was 23.5 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 18.0 per cent to 30.1 per cent) and the percentage of horses with an abnormality in at least one eye was 43 per cent (95 per cent CI 28.7 per cent to 58.4 per cent), although this varied between towns. Mild eye pathology and end-stage disease with irreversible pathology were most common. There were significantly more eye abnormalities in the right eye compared with the left, and older horses were more likely to have ocular pathology. Only 55.1 per cent of owners had noticed there was an ocular abnormality present, and only 2.2 per cent had received any previous treatment for eye disease. Only 1.9 per cent presented to the clinic because of an eye problem. There appears to be either a lack of owner awareness, or a low perception of the importance of eye disease among owners.


Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/veterinary , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Age Factors , Aging/pathology , Animal Welfare , Animals , Awareness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Female , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horses , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Prev Vet Med ; 100(2): 90-9, 2011 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21420748

ABSTRACT

There have been few studies evaluating the efficacy of knowledge-transfer methods for livestock owners in developing countries, and to the authors' knowledge no published work is available that evaluates the effect of knowledge-transfer interventions on the education of working equid users. A cluster-randomised controlled trial (c-RCT) was used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three knowledge-transfer interventions on knowledge-change about equid health amongst rural Ethiopian working equid users. Groups were exposed to either; an audio programme, a village meeting or a diagrammatic handout, all of which addressed identical learning objectives, and were compared to a control group which received no intervention. Thirty-two villages were randomly selected and interventions randomly assigned. All participants in a village received the same intervention. Knowledge levels were assessed by questionnaire administration. Data analysis included comparison of baseline data between intervention groups followed by multilevel linear regression models (allowing for clustering of individuals within village) to evaluate the change in knowledge between the different knowledge-transfer interventions. A total of 516 randomly selected participants completed the pre-intervention questionnaire, 504 of whom undertook the post-dissemination questionnaire, a follow up response rate of 98%. All interventions significantly improved the overall 'change in knowledge' score on the questionnaire compared to the control, with the diagrammatic handout (coefficient (coef) 9.5, S.E.=0.6) and the village meeting (coef 9.7, S.E.=0.6) having a significantly greater impact than the audio programme (coef 4.8, S.E.=0.6). Covariates that were different at baseline, and which were also significant in the final model, were age and pre-intervention score. Although they had a minimal effect on the intervention coefficients there was a significant interaction between age and intervention. This study should aid the design of education materials for adult learning for working equid users and other groups in developing countries.


Subject(s)
Equidae , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Animals , Developing Countries , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Group Processes , Health Education/methods , MP3-Player , Radio , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control
5.
Vet Parasitol ; 125(1-2): 43-58, 2004 Oct 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15536695

ABSTRACT

This collection of articles provides an account of five presentations delivered at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology(WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, from 10 to 14 August 2003) in a symposium session on Donkey parasites, organised by Andrew Trawford and Catherine Morriss and moderated by Dr. Elisabeth Svendsen. The focus was on the role of the donkey in the advancement of parasitology, diagnosis and identification, methods of control and anthelmintic resistance.


Subject(s)
Equidae/parasitology , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/drug therapy , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/prevention & control
6.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B ; 43(1): 55-8, 1996 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8919969

ABSTRACT

A survey of Sarcocystis was conducted in cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys and chickens. A total of 671 haematoxylin-eosin (H-E) stained muscle tissue samples, including diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures were examined. Additionally, cardiac muscle samples from 40 fetuses were included. An infestation rate of 93% in sheep, 82% in cattle, 81% in goats, 16.6% in donkeys and 6.6% in chickens was noted. The infestation rate of diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures seems to be similar. None of the 40 fetal heart muscle samples from bovine, ovine, caprine and donkey fetuses examined harboured Sarcocystis. An attempt was made to demonstrate the possible occurrence of human Sarcocystis and a negative result was obtained. The possible impact of Sarcocystis on animal health in Ethiopia is discussed.


Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases/epidemiology , Sarcocystis/isolation & purification , Sarcocystosis/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Biopsy/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Chickens , Data Collection , Equidae , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Goat Diseases/diagnosis , Goat Diseases/parasitology , Goats , Heart/parasitology , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Horses , Muscle, Skeletal/parasitology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Muscle, Smooth/parasitology , Muscle, Smooth/pathology , Myocardium/pathology , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Poultry Diseases/parasitology , Sarcocystosis/diagnosis , Sarcocystosis/epidemiology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/parasitology
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