Inpatient dermatology consultation aids diagnosis of cellulitis among hospitalized patients: A multi-institutional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Given its nonspecific physical examination findings, accurately distinguishing cellulitis from a cellulitis mimicker (pseudocellulitis) is challenging. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the national incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis among inpatients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of inpatient dermatology consultations at Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, and University of California San Francisco Medical Center in 2008. All consults requested for the evaluation of cellulitis were included. The primary outcomes were determining the incidence of cellulitis misdiagnosis, evaluating the prevalence of associated risk factors, and identifying common pseudocellulitides. RESULTS: Of the 1430 inpatient dermatology consultations conducted in 2008, 74 (5.17%) were requested for the evaluation of cellulitis. In all, 55 (74.32%) patients evaluated for cellulitis were given a diagnosis of pseudocellulitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of misdiagnosis across institutions (P = .12). Patient demographics and associated risk factor prevalence did not statistically vary in patients given a diagnosis of cellulitis versus those with pseudocellulitis (P > .05). LIMITATIONS: This study was unable to evaluate all patients admitted with cellulitis and was conducted at tertiary care centers, which may affect the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: Cellulitis is commonly misdiagnosed in the inpatient setting. Involving dermatologists may improve diagnostic accuracy and decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.

Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as scar reactivation: histopathologic features and an illustration of 'locus minoris resistentiae'.

We report a 33-year-old female with cutaneous involvement by Churg-Strauss syndrome confined to surgical scars that were obtained 13 years before. She presented to the emergency department with 2-day history of fever, night sweats, right-sided weakness, hoarseness and worsening asthma symptoms. She was found to have an eosinophilia and two sub-5-mm pulmonary nodules. The patient also reported that the scars on her right thumb, inner wrist and back had been swollen, red and painful for 2 days. Examination revealed tender, erythematous, well-healed edematous scars studded with small skin colored papules. She had no clinical findings that were classic for cutaneous vasculitis. A skin biopsy of a scar revealed perivascular and palisading granulomatous inflammation consisting of histiocytes and neutrophils with leukocytoclasia. Focal vascular injury was identified. Scattered tissue eosinophils were seen. Special stains were negative for infection. Thereafter, she was started on intravenous steroids, at which point the fever, pulmonary and cutaneous symptoms subsided. Although scar sarcoidosis is a well-described phenomenon, granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis seen in Churg-Strauss syndrome exclusively manifesting in well-healed surgical scars highlights the unique features seen in this case and draws attention to the concept of locus minoris resistentiae. This case also highlights how a skin biopsy in the setting of suspected systemic vasculitis can confirm the presence of vasculitis and/or granulomatous inflammation and obviate the need for more invasive, higher risk procedures such as lung biopsy.

Rapidly fatal multiorgan Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a neonate.

Multiorgan Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presenting in the neonatal period is associated with a poor prognosis. We report a 5-day-old neonate who presented at birth with diffuse cutaneous nodules and respiratory failure who received a postmortem diagnosis of LCH. We emphasize the importance of recognizing the cutaneous findings of this rare disease.

A survey assessment of the recognition and treatment of psychocutaneous disorders in the outpatient dermatology setting: how prepared are we?

BACKGROUND: Dermatologists provide the bulk of psychocutaneous care; however, recent studies suggest that dermatologists believe they are largely underprepared to treat most psychocutaneous conditions. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify gaps in psychodermatologic knowledge among practicing dermatologists in two academic institutions. METHODS: An online survey was sent to 59 dermatologists at the Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA) and Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) from July 2010 through October 2011. RESULTS: The response rate was 40 of 59 (68%). More than 50% of dermatologists were comfortable making diagnoses for 8 of 10 psychocutaneous disorders. In all, 57% were comfortable making a diagnosis of depression. A total of 11% were comfortable starting antidepressants; 3%, antipsychotics; and 66%, medications for neuropathic pain. In all, 72%, 68%, and 21% of dermatologists never prescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, or medications for neuropathic pain, respectively. Only 38% believed they were successful treating compulsive skin picking; 15%, body dysmorphic disorder; 27%, delusions of parasitosis; and 24%, depression. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include small sample size, data extraction from an academic setting, self-reporting of outcome measures, and response bias. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of the physicians surveyed believed they were capable of diagnosing psychocutaneous disease, very few were comfortable starting psychotropics or thought they were successful treating such conditions.

Two distinct viral infections complicating pemphigus foliaceus.

We describe a patient with pemphigus foliaceus who developed two distinct disseminated cutaneous viral infections. Our patient is an 83-year-old female with a recent diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus, who presented with painful ulcerations while on corticosteroids. Histopathology examination revealed disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV). Despite adequate treatment with anti-herpetic treatment, some ulcerations failed to heal. A second biopsy revealed the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV). This was treated successfully with appropriate antiviral therapy. In patients with autoimmune bullous disease, the development of new skin pain or new constitutional symptoms, change in primary morphology, rapid disease progression, or failure to respond to appropriate therapies should prompt the clinician to consider a concurrent cutaneous viral infection. There should be a low threshold to perform ancillary tests, to re-biopsy, and in severe cases, to consider empiric treatment with antiviral treatment therapy and modification of immunosuppressive regimens.