Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Translation and Validation of Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Hindi Language in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Translation and Psychometric Testing. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) into Hindi (PSEQ-H), the local language of India, and assess its psychometric properties. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is commonly used outcome measure in patients with pain and related psychosocial aspect too. The PSEQ invites participants to consider their pain while assessing their self-efficacy views. Because about half of India's population understands Hindi, there is a need to translate the PSEQ into Hindi for patient convenience and better comprehension, as well as for research purposes. METHODS: The PSEQ has been translated and culturally adapted into Hindi. 120 patients with chronic neck pain were recruited.The PSEQ-H's content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness were all assessed. To determine test-retest reliability, the ICC was calculated. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine internal consistency. Criterion validity was assessed using the NDI, NRS, and Anxiety and Depression measures. The area under the curve and the change cut-point were determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The PSEQ-H exhibited strong test-retest reliability (ICC=0.90) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.88). Factor analysis confirmed a one-factor structure for the PSEQ-H. Furthermore, the PSEQ-H demonstrated a moderate correlation with the NDI, NPRS, anxiety, and depression scales. A change detection threshold of 8.3 was established. CONCLUSIONS: The Hindi version of the PSEQ is a reliable and valid measure for use in research and clinical purpose in the Indian population with chronic neck pain.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Hindi Version of the Neck Disability Index in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Translation and psychometric testing. OBJECTIVES: To cross-culturally adapt the Neck Disability Index (NDI) into the Hindi language, the local language of India, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index-Hindi (NDI-H) version in patients with neck pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The NDI is the most used self-reported outcome measure for neck pain. The previous NDI-H version did not obtain advance permission from Mapi trust to translate this scale. As a result, this scale's availability is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following established guidelines, the NDI was translated and culturally adapted into Hindi. A total of 120 chronic neck pain patients (20 for cognitive interviews and 100 for psychometric testing) participated in this study. The content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness of the NDI-H were all evaluated. The intraclass correlation coefficient was computed to determine test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α. The NDI's factor structure was investigated using principal component factor analysis. The Neck Pain and Disability Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Anxiety and Depression scales were used to test criterion validity. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off point and the area under the curve. RESULTS: The NDI-H demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.90). The one-factor structure was revealed by the factor analysis. The NDI has a strong relationship with the Neck Pain and Disability Scale and Numeric Pain Rating Scale, as well as the Anxiety and Depression scales. The cut-point for detecting a change was 9.3. CONCLUSIONS: The NDI was successfully translated into Hindi in this study. The NDI-H is a reliable and valid and responsive instrument that can be used to treat patients with chronic neck pain in clinical and research settings.

Hand laterality recognition in distal radius and/or ulna fracture.

INTRODUCTION: Hand laterality, an important ability to determine the orientation of a limb is common to get affected after short term immobilization. Distal radius and/or ulna fracture is a commonly encountered fracture resulting from upper-limb trauma. Conservative treatment using closed reduction and plaster cast application to immobilize the joint remains choice of treatment over surgery in the treatment of these fractures. There is a paucity of literature reporting impairment in hand laterality after long term immobilization as commonly performed in patients with distal radius and/or ulna fractures. Understanding effect of immobilization on hand laterality in distal-end radius/ulna fractures warranted present investigation. PURPOSE: To evaluate hand laterality based on the accuracy and response time for hand determination after plaster cast removal in distal radius and/or ulna fracture. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cross sectional study. METHODOLOGY: Subjects (n = 60, age range = 40-59 years, females (n) = 28 and males (n) = 32) were shown 24 real-hand images with various degrees of angular rotation and instructed to identify the hand as left and/or right. Accuracy (% correctly identified) and Response time (milliseconds to identify left or right hand in the image) of motor imagery during hand laterality task were recorded. Pain intensity before and after the hand laterality task were noted using Visual Analogue Scale. Repeated measures of ANOVA and t tests were used to analyze the accuracy and response times among two groups. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly (P < .05) lower accuracy and longer response time as compared to the control group. No significant difference in the accuracy and response time were noted in the immobilization of the dominant and the non-dominant hand within the experimental group (P > .05). Also, there was no change in pain pre- to post-hand laterality task. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study could aid in enhancing the understanding of post-immobilization effect on hand laterality and open new arenas for assessment and rehabilitation of distal-end radius and/or ulna fractures where immobilization is the principal treatment.