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BACKGROUNDS: Cultural diversities in both patients and health professionals possess difficulties in cultural care. Such cultural diversities can lead to culturally inappropriate care and health disparities. Delivering culturally competent nursing care is a powerful tool to provide care equally for all patients and eliminate health disparities among culturally diverse people. The present study aimed to explore the cultural competence of nurses and associated barriers in Ethiopian tertiary hospitals. METHODS: The study was conducted on eight purposively selected key informants from March 1 to April 30, 2018. Data was collected using semi-structured questions through face to face in-depth interview. The collected data analyzed using thematic analysis and presented in the form of text and table. RESULTS: Eight (n = 3 females and n = 5 males) participants were involved in the study. After extensive analysis, four themes emerged: cultural competence, linguistic competence, cultural competence education and training, and barriers to cultural competence. Another six subthemes of barriers encountered by participants identified and consisted of the language barrier, trained interpreter and translator limitation, lack of knowledge of the patient's culture, lack of multicultural nursing workforce, and shortage of nursing staff, cultural and linguistic stereotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses less focused on cultural aspects of patients, and they focused more on biological factors and patients' disease. Interestingly, they expressed respect for the cultural and religious practice of patients and showed an interest to learn about cultural care nursing. Cultural competence of participants was hindered by several barriers that need nurses to overcome it.
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Cultural Competency , Nurses , Cultural Diversity , Female , Humans , Male , Qualitative Research , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The rate of medication related problems is high in developing countries due to the complexity of pediatrics medication management. Pediatric population should have their own dosage regimens. The pediatric dosage regimens were derived from the adult dose that might lead to sudden reach of sub or supra-therapeutic doses. As the result, the medication therapy management is difficult in this populations. Despite this, a scanty of studies were conducted on medication related problems among pediatric populations. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of the medication related problems among patients admitted to pediatric ward of Mettu karl referral hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The pediatric population who were received the pharmacotherapy for their disease was observed and followed for the occurrences of medication related problems at pediatric wards of Mettu karl referral hospital from February 12, 2020 to February 24, 2021. Patients whose age was less than or equal to 18 years and who were on drug therapy or who needs drug therapy during study period were included. The possibility of adverse drug reactions developed from the drug was assessed by using the Naranjo scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of medication related problems. RESULT: Over the study period, a total of 189 pediatric populations were included. Among these, 115 (60.8%) were males, and the mean age of the patients was 1.4339 ± 0.864 years. The mediciation related problems was found among 121(64.01%) of pediatric patients. Among seven types of drug therapy problems unnecessary drug therapy, need additional drug therapy, ineffective drug therapy and dose too high were the most predominantly occured DRP that accounted 74 (27.72%), 67 (25.09%), 43 (16.10%), 36 (13.48%), respectively. The mean number of hospital stay was 4.29 days with minimum and maximum stay of 2 and 9 days and antibiotics 364(51.3%) were the most common class of drugs that was associated with drug related problems. Being a neonate (AOR = 1.48, 95CI%: 1.69-7.42, P = <0.001), hospital stay greater than or equal to seven days (AOR = 1.98, 95CI%: 2.471-12.644, P = 0.016), and the presence of co-morbidity(AOR = 2.507, 95CI%: 3.270-4.949, P = 0.080) were the predictors of the medication related problems. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of medication-related problems in pediatrics patient was found to be high. Being neonatal, prolonged hospital stay and the presence of a multiple disease were the predictors of medication-related problems in pediatric patients. Therefore special attention should be given for newborns, prolonged hospital stay and patients having co-morbidity. Besides this, the drug information service and the patients round activity should be started by clinical pharmacist to decrease the occurences of any preventable medication related problems.
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INTRODUCTION: Diabetes related distress is the most common psychological co-morbid condition among type 2 diabetes patients. However, although the number of people living with diabetes has continued to increase over the last 10 years, information regarding diabetes related distress is limited in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes related distress and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients attending hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed on 360 type 2 diabetes patients attending hospitals from January 1 to March 30, 2020. Convenient sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were entered into EpiData manager version 4.2.2 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Out of a total 360 patients recruited, 321 (89.2%) patients (201 male and 120 female) were involved in the study. The mean age of the participants was 41.3 (SD = 12.8) years. The prevalence of diabetes related distress was 118 (36.8%) in which emotional distress was the most prevalent (43.6%) domain. Level of education [AOR 4.55; 95% CI: 1.28-16.19], family or social support [AOR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.33-1.06], duration of diabetes [AOR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.35-1.55], having diabetes complications [AOR 1.98; 95% CI: 1.0-3.86], smoking status [AOR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.12-2.97] and alcohol consumption status [AOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.07-2.53] were the identified factors of diabetes related distress. CONCLUSION: Diabetes related distress was highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients. Healthcare providers need to address this through integrating psychosocial care with collaborative medical care.
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INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, particularly in resource-limited settings. The use of vaccination and screening tests has reduced the burden of cervical cancer in developed countries. However, the situation is quite the reverse in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled impact of knowledge and attitude on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates among Ethiopian women. METHODS: Studies that examined cervical cancer screening service utilization among women in Ethiopia were searched from five international databases. Cochran's Q chi-square and the I-squared test statistics were used to check the presence of heterogeneity among the included studies. The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests were also used to assess the presence of publication bias. A weighted DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was employed. Subgroup analysis was performed by the study population concerning the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled estimates. Data analysis was performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies with 28,186 study participants were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 8.11% (95% CI: 7.26, 8.97). After adjustment for publication bias with the trim and fill analysis, the estimated prevalence rate appeared to be 5.47% (95% CI: 4.66, 6.28). The prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was higher among HIV-positive women, 16.85%, and in studies conducted among health care workers, 10.24%, than the general population. The pooled effect of knowledge on the utilization of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women was statistically significant (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.31). Similarly, the pooled estimated odds of utilizing cervical cancer screening tests were 6.1 times higher (AOR = 6.09, 95% CI: 1.09, 34.36) among women who had a favorable attitude towards the screening tests. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and attitude had a significant impact on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening test utilization rates among women in Ethiopia. However, the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization among Ethiopian women is very low. Hence, large-scale awareness programs and situation-based strategies need to be designed to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening services in the country.
