ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective in the treatment murine model of acute rhinosinusitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rats were included in the study. The left nasal cavity of all rats was infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Group 1 was the group in which NAC was administered into the left nasal cavity twice daily. Group 2 was selected as the control group. All rats were then sterilely sacrificed under anesthesia after intracardiac blood sampling. After sacrifice, sterile culture samples were collected from the posterior nasal cavity. RESULTS: Total oxidant status and oxidative stress index (OSI), interleukin 1ß, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels decreased significantly in the treatment group. Total antioxidant status was significantly increased. There was a statistically significant increase in total serum thiol levels and native thiol levels. Histopathologic evaluation showed a statistically significant decrease in submucosal gland hypertrophy in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: According to our study, intranasal application of NAC can decrease the inflammatory findings in murine acute rhinosinusitis.
Subject(s)
Acetylcysteine , Antioxidants , Rats , Animals , Mice , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Expectorants/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress , Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) frequently entails chronic skin lesions that heal only slowly. Until now, the available therapeutic options are very limited. Here, we present a case of a 5½-year-old Syrian refugee with two progressive lower-leg skin ulcers caused by Leishmania tropica. The patient received topical treatment with LeiProtect®, a newly developed, hydroxypropylcellulose-based, filmogenic gel containing nontoxic concentrations of pharmaceutical sodium chlorite. The skin lesions completely healed within 8 weeks and did not relapse during 1 year of follow-up, underlining the efficacy of this novel local therapy of CL.
Subject(s)
Leishmania tropica , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Child , Chlorides , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Middle Aged , Pharmaceutical Preparations , SyriaABSTRACT
A general catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of s-tetrazines is reported. Under mild reaction conditions, N-directed ortho-C-H activation of tetrazines allows the introduction of various functional groups, thus forming carbon-heteroatom bonds: C-X (X=I, Br, Cl) and C-O. Based on this methodology, we developed electrophilic mono- and poly-ortho-fluorination of tetrazines. Microwave irradiation was optimized to afford fluorinated s-aryltetrazines, with satisfactory selectivity, within only ten minutes. This work provides an efficient and practical entry for further accessing highly substituted tetrazine derivatives (iodo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, and acetate precursors). It gives access to ortho-functionalized aryltetrazines which are difficult to obtain by classical Pinner-like syntheses.
