ABSTRACT
Primary headaches (PHAs) prominently affect the performance and life quality of people. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is an important health problem caused by several factors. This study aimed to compare the sexual function of women who have PHAs. Forty-one female patients who were diagnosed with migraine, 39 female patients who were diagnosed with tension-type headache (TTHA) and 41 healthy subjects were included in study. Sexual function of the cases were evaluated by using the 'Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)'. Beck Depression Scale was applied to subjects and those who were diagnosed with depression were excluded from the study. SD was detected in both the migraine and TTHA groups. FSFI subgroup scores were statistically significantly lower in the migraine and TTHA groups compared with the control group. No significant differences were detected between the migraine and TTHA groups in terms of FSFI and its components. In addition, no significant differences were detected between the blood prolactin levels or SD and headache. It was concluded that primary headaches (which are chronic diseases) itself may cause SD in female patients with migraine and TTHA independently of factors that may cause development of SD such as comorbid condition, depression, drug use and age.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/complications , Migraine Disorders/complications , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/complications , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/complications , Tension-Type Headache/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Libido/physiology , Middle Aged , Personal Satisfaction , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/diagnosis , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720 ° clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. RESULTS: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed betwe¬en all of the groups.
Subject(s)
Carbazoles/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Propanolamines/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Testis/blood supply , Testis/pathology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Carbazoles/therapeutic use , Carvedilol , Disease Models, Animal , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Male , Malondialdehyde/blood , Necrosis , Propanolamines/therapeutic use , Protein Carbonylation/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Spermatic Cord Torsion/complications , Spermatic Cord Torsion/drug therapy , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720º clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. Results: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). Conclusions: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed between all of the groups. .
