ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to identify related scientific outputs and emerging topics of stem cells in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and cerebral palsy (CP) through bibliometrics and literature review. All relevant publications on stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP were screened from websites and analyzed research trends. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied to visualize and quantitatively analyze the published literature to provide objective presentation and prediction. In addition, the clinical trials, published articles, and projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China associated with stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP were summarized. A total of 294 publications were associated with stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. Most publications and citations came from the USA and China. Monash University and University Medical Center Utrecht produced the most publications. Pediatric research published the most studies on stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. Heijnen C and Kavelaars A published the most articles. Cluster analyses show that current research trend is more inclined toward the repair mechanism and clinical translation of stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. By summarizing various studies of stem cells in NHIE and CP, it is indicated that this research direction is a hot topic at present. Furthermore, organoid transplantation, as an emerging and new therapeutic approach, brings new hope for the treatment of NHIE and CP. This study comprehensively summarized and analyzed the research trend of global stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. It has shown a marked increase in stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP research. In the future, more efforts will be made on exploring stem cell or organoid therapy for NHIE and CP and more valuable related mechanisms of action to achieve clinical translation as soon as possible.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of trypsin and papain in neuronal digestion and determine which enzyme is more efficient. Cortical tissues were obtained from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. According to the different digestive enzymes, the samples were divided into the trypsin group and the papain group. After being digested by each of the two enzymes, cortical neurons were collected from the samples. Then, the morphology of the cortical neurons was determined. Moreover, the cortical neurons were transfected with the negative control (NC) lentivirus. The transfection efficiency and morphology were determined and compared. Compared with the papain group, cortical neurons in the trypsin group were more in number, had larger cell size, had longer axonal length, and had fewer impurities. The transfection efficiency of the trypsin group (57.77%) was higher than that of the papain group (53.83%). The morphology of neurons that was displayed showed that the cell body of most neurons shrank and became smaller, and the axis mutation became shorter and less in the papain group 6 days after transfection with the NC lentivirus. Trypsin is more efficient in digesting neurons because the neurons digested by this enzyme are more in number, have a larger cell body, longer axons, and greater transfection efficiency.
ABSTRACT
The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the physiological pathogenesis of many different types of chronic pain. Sympathetic blocks can interrupt the reflex control system by intercepting the noxious afferent fibers accompanying autonomic nerves, resulting in changes in peripheral or central sensory processing. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB), as a treatment method, refers to the injection of nerve blockers into the corresponding lumbar sympathetic nerve segments, usually requiring imaging assistance (CT, X-ray, ultrasound) to guide. At present, LSGB has been widely used in the clinical treatment of lower limb pain, such as neuropathic pain, lower limb ischemic pain, and so on. Its mechanism of action may be through inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and dilating blood vessels, thereby alleviating pain and inhibiting stress response. However, there are few reports of LSGB during the perioperative period, especially in postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function. Therefore, by studying the literature about LSGB-related studies, this article reviews the anatomy of the lumbar sympathetic nerve (LSN), with its clinical application and possible mechanism. We reviewed the analgesic effect of LSGB in patients with lower limb pain and postoperative pain and the potential application prospects in the recovery of gastrointestinal function, finally providing a reference for its clinical application.
