ABSTRACT
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated, negatively charged polysaccharides produced in almost every cell of the human body. As GAGs are extracellularly localized, the changes in body fluids such as blood and urine may reflect pathological changes in the urinary system as observed in other pathologies. In this review, we determined the potential of urinary and/or serum GAG levels as a marker for kidney and urothelial system diseases. We performed a search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases until September 30, 2019. A number of studies reported changes in the urinary and/or plasma GAG levels or composition in urological diseases and conditions, such as renal cell carcinoma, kidney stone, bladder carcinoma, and overactive bladder. GAGs were found to have a predictive biomarker potential that could be limited by generalizability concerns.
Subject(s)
Glycosaminoglycans/blood , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Urologic Diseases/blood , Urologic Diseases/urine , Humans , Urologic Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Complete uterovaginal septum is unusually associated with an obstructed left hemivagina and hemiuteri. Herein we present a case report of "hybrid septate variant" anomaly diagnosed in a 16-year-old girl. The uterine septum could not be completely removed hysteroscopically because of the obstructed vagina and thick uterine septum; therefore an abdominal approach, robotic metroplastic surgery was performed. We propose that the robotic technology has advantages over the classical laparoscopy related with the surgical correction of Müllerian anomaly.
Subject(s)
Laparoscopy/methods , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Uterus/abnormalities , Vagina/abnormalities , Adolescent , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mullerian Ducts/abnormalities , Mullerian Ducts/surgery , Pelvic Pain/etiology , Uterus/surgery , Vagina/surgeryABSTRACT
The most commonly used prophylactic treatment of cervical insufficiency is cerclage but it carries significant morbidity either through vaginal or abdominal approach. A robotic-assisted transabdominal cerclage (RoboTAC) placement as an interval procedure could offer advantages over the conventional laparoscopic approach especially in morbidly obese patients. We report the use of interval RoboTAC procedure in a morbidly obese patient and ultimately she delivered a healthy infant at 38 weeks 2 days nonetheless removal of the cerclage.
