ABSTRACT
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alleles have been associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc); however, these alleles may be in linkage with other genes. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a newly identified gene on the short arm of chromosome 6 in the class III region of the human leukocyte antigen. It appears to be involved in inflammation and was originally identified in rat cardiac allografts undergoing rejection. AIF-1 has several sequence variations (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs), three of which result in nonsynonymous changes in amino acid coding. We analyzed the linkage of five TNFA and five AIF-1 SNPs by polymerase chain reaction in 239 Caucasian individuals. The TNFA-1031T/T genotype was found to be associated with SSc (P < 0.0001) and both the DcSSc (diffuse subset of SSc) and the LcSSc (limited subset of SSc) subsets (P= 0.0004 and P= 0.0009, respectively) and the TNFA-237G/G genotype was found to be associated with all SSc (P= 0.0003) and with the DcSSc and LcSSc subsets (P= 0.01 and P= 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, the TNFA-857C/T genotype was associated with LcSSc (P= 0.0003) and TNFA-307A/A genotype associated with DcSSc (P= 0.028). In AIF-1, RS2269475 exon 4A allele, which generates a nonsynonymous change (tryptophan to arginine), was significantly associated in patients with SSc (P= 0.0009) and was associated with those patients who had DcSSc (P= 0.002). A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the AIF-1 alleles, A allele of RS2269475 and the A allele of RS4711274 (P < 0.0001), and linkage was observed between AIF-1 and TNFA alleles. Here, we report a novel and significant association of a nonsynonymous change within the AIF-1 with SSc and identified the linkage with TNFA alleles within 50 kb of this gene. Our study lends support that TNFA may be an important inflammatory modulator in SSc and may play a significant role with AIF-1 in disease pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics , Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Alleles , Animals , Base Sequence , Calcium-Binding Proteins , Case-Control Studies , DNA Primers/genetics , Female , Genotype , Homozygote , Humans , Linkage Disequilibrium , Male , Microfilament Proteins , Rats , Scleroderma, Systemic/classificationABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de una niña de 1 año de edad, previamente sana, que desarrollo isquemia distal en 3, 4 y 5 dedos de la mano derecha y 3 dedo de la mano izquierda. Una vez realizada su evaluacion clinica y examenes complementarios, se diagnostico deficit de proteina C. Fue tratada, con resolucion completa de las lesiones. Discutimos los diagnosticos diferenciales, haciendo hincapie en la importancia de incluir enfermedades que pueden simular una vasculitis
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Fingers , Ischemia , Protein C Deficiency , ThrombophiliaABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de una niña de 1 año de edad, previamente sana, que desarrollo isquemia distal en 3, 4 y 5 dedos de la mano derecha y 3 dedo de la mano izquierda. Una vez realizada su evaluacion clinica y examenes complementarios, se diagnostico deficit de proteina C. Fue tratada, con resolucion completa de las lesiones. Discutimos los diagnosticos diferenciales, haciendo hincapie en la importancia de incluir enfermedades que pueden simular una vasculitis (AU)
