Marine spatial planning makes room for offshore aquaculture in crowded coastal waters.

Marine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully determined how to achieve target levels of ocean area for particular uses while minimizing costs and impacts, but they do not provide a framework that derives analytical solutions in order to co-ordinate siting of multiple uses while balancing the effects of planning on each sector in the system. We develop such a framework for guiding offshore aquaculture (bivalve, finfish, and kelp farming) development in relation to existing sectors and environmental concerns (wild-capture fisheries, viewshed quality, benthic pollution, and disease spread) in California, USA. We identify > 250,000 MSP solutions that generate significant seafood supply and billions of dollars in revenue with minimal impacts (often < 1%) on existing sectors and the environment. We filter solutions to identify candidate locations for high-value, low-impact aquaculture development. Finally, we confirm the expectation of substantial value of our framework over conventional planning focused on maximizing individual objectives.

Infantile cortical hyperostosis of the ribs (Caffey's disease) without mandibular involvement.

Infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH), or Caffey's disease, first reported by Caffey and Silverman in 1945, is a benign condition characterized radiographically by corticoperiosteal thickening of bone with subperiosteal new bone formation. Sites of occurrence vary, with the mandible being involved in 75%-80% of cases. The following is a case report of ICH limited to four contiguous ribs with no evidence of mandibular involvement.

Distended left renal vein: CT/sonographic normal variant.

The left renal vein frequently demonstrates a marked variation in caliber between the part distal to the aorta and the part directly in front of the aorta. This is well seen on both computed tomography (CT) and sonography. This variation in caliber or distention is believed to be secondary to a "nutcracker " effect formed by the aorta posteriorly and the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly. The third part of the duodenum may also add to the pincer effect on the left renal vein. A series of 72 patients was examined for this variation and the relation of the caliber of the left renal vein to the anatomy of the aorta, superior vena cava, and duodenum. These patients were also evaluated for any possible relation between the presence of a distended left renal vein and a varicocele.