Epidemiología infecciosa en centros gerontológicos / Infection epidemiology in gerontology centres

Introducción. Los procesos infecciosos en centros gerontológicos (CG) constituyen una de las causas importantes de mortalidad y descompensación de patologías crónicas concomitantes. Para conocer su magnitud y distribución, se inició un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica. Material y métodos. Durante los años 2006-2009 se realizó un estudio de prevalencia en 4 CG de Fundación Matia. Se midió la prevalencia realizando un corte anual, recogiendo: tipo de infección, datos demográficos, factores de riesgo y uso de antibióticos. La incidencia se midió en un CG como centro piloto durante 2 años, recogiendo: tipo de infección y uso de antibióticos. Resultados. La prevalencia en los CG osciló entre el 4,80 y el 6,44%. La densidad de incidencia de infección en el estudio piloto estuvo entre 3,45-5,77 infecciones por 1.000 residentes-día. La localización infecciosa más frecuente, y en este orden, fue la respiratoria, la urinaria y la cutánea. La incidencia de infección respiratoria es mayor de manera estadísticamente significativa ante la presencia de disfagia, malnutrición y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Sin embargo, en la incidencia infección urinaria no se aprecia relación significativa con los diferentes factores de riesgo analizados. Conclusiones. La frecuencia y las repercusiones de las infecciones nosocomiales en este tipo de centros pone de relieve la necesidad de controles epidemiológicos periódicos para adaptar planes de intervención y desarrollar medidas preventivas adecuadas(AU)

Introduction. Infection processes in gerontology centres (GC) are one of the main causes of mortality and aggravation of concomitant chronic diseases. An epidemiological surveillance system was set up to find out their magnitude and distribution. Material and methods. A prevalence study was conducted during the years 2006-2009 in 4 GCs of the Matia Foundation. Prevalence was measured by making an annual cut-off, recording: infection type, demographic data, risk factors and antibiotic use. The incidence was measured for two years in one GC as a pilot centre, recording: infection type and antibiotic use. Results. The prevalence in the GCs varied between 4.8% and 6.44%. The infection incidence density in the pilot study was between 3.45-5.77 infections per 1,000 resident days. The most common infection location and in this order were, respiratory, urinary and cutaneous. The incidence of respiratory infection is more statistically significant in the presence of dysphagia, malnutrition and COPD. However, no significant relationship was seen in the incidence of urinary infection with the different risk factors analysed. Conclusions. The frequency and repercussions of nosocomial infections in GCs demonstrate the need for intervention plans and the development of adequate prevention measures(AU)

[Infection epidemiology in gerontology centres]. / Epidemiología infecciosa en centros gerontológicos.

INTRODUCTION: Infection processes in gerontology centres (GC) are one of the main causes of mortality and aggravation of concomitant chronic diseases. An epidemiological surveillance system was set up to find out their magnitude and distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prevalence study was conducted during the years 2006-2009 in 4 GCs of the Matia Foundation. Prevalence was measured by making an annual cut-off, recording: infection type, demographic data, risk factors and antibiotic use. The incidence was measured for two years in one GC as a pilot centre, recording: infection type and antibiotic use. RESULTS: The prevalence in the GCs varied between 4.8% and 6.44%. The infection incidence density in the pilot study was between 3.45-5.77 infections per 1,000 resident days. The most common infection location and in this order were, respiratory, urinary and cutaneous. The incidence of respiratory infection is more statistically significant in the presence of dysphagia, malnutrition and COPD. However, no significant relationship was seen in the incidence of urinary infection with the different risk factors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and repercussions of nosocomial infections in GCs demonstrate the need for intervention plans and the development of adequate prevention measures.