ABSTRACT
Functionalised nanohybrid hydrogel using L-Histidine (HIS) conjugated chitosan, phyto-synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) was formulated as a sustained drug delivery carrier for the polyphenol drugs - Naringenin (NRG), Quercetin (QE) and Curcumin (CUR). A maximum loading efficiency of 90.55 %, 92.84 % and 89.89 %, respectively were optimised for NRG, QE and CUR in the hybrid hydrogel. The maximum drug release was favoured for the optimum drug loading and at pH-5. HIS-chitosan conjugation stabilised the hydrogel and enabled a sustained drug delivery. Drug release kinetics predicted a non-Fickian diffusion-based mechanism along with polymer erosion. Prominent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum strains were predicted to evolve based on the synergic formulation. Significant biocompatibility towards L929 cells revealed their support for normal cell survival. Anticancer studies towards A431 cells exhibited excellent cytotoxicity with a 15 to 30-fold increase using the hybrid carrier, compared to the free polyphenol drugs.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Histidine/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Curcumin/chemistry , Curcumin/pharmacology , Drug Liberation , Flavanones/chemistry , Flavanones/pharmacology , Humans , Hydrogels/chemical synthesis , Kinetics , Mice , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Trichophyton/drug effects , Zinc Oxide/chemistryABSTRACT
A sustainable biomass-based nanocomposite hydrogel was formulated, characterized, and applied for curcumin delivery. Phytosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) employing musk melon (Cucumis melo) seed extract was embedded in the hydrogel matrices and cross-linked using Dialdehyde cellulose prepared from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (SCB). Nanoparticle incorporation enhanced the hydrogel's swelling degree to 4048% at pH 4.0. Also, an improved tensile strength of 14.1 ± 0.32 MPa was exhibited by the nanocomposite hydrogel compared to 9.79 ± 0.76 MPa for the pure chitosan cellulose hydrogel. A curcumin loading efficiency of 89.68% with around 30% increased loading was exhibited for the nanocomposite hydrogel. A Fickian diffusion-controlled curcumin release mechanism with maximum release at pH 7.4 was obtained. The synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity was exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies employing L929 cells and A431 cells demonstrated good biocompatibility and enhanced anticancer activity of the curcumin-loaded green nanocomposite hydrogel compared to pure curcumin.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Curcumin/chemistry , Curcumin/pharmacology , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Cellulose/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Cucumis melo/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Trichophyton/drug effects , Trichophyton/growth & development , Zinc Oxide/chemistryABSTRACT
The therapeutic prospective of a novel carrier based delivery of phyto-derived quercetin (QE) extracted from onion peel waste was studied in the present work. Dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) developed from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) cellulose effectively crosslinked chitosan hydrogel. The hydrogel matrices were embedded with green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), phyto-synthesized using musk melon seeds. The hybrid carrier formulation was characterised using analytical techniques such as XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The onion peel drug (OPD) analysed for its bioactive components using HPLC was reported as a potential source of QE. Taguchi optimization for the QE drug loading in the nanohybrid hydrogel indicated a remarkable improvement by 39% in comparison to drug loading in hydrogel without ZnO NPs. The maximum QE release was obtained at an optimal drug loading condition with pHâ¯5.0, which favoured the anticancer applications. The drug release revealed a Fickian diffusion mechanism by adopting various kinetic models. The commercial QE and QE in OPD (QE/OPD) loaded nanohybrid hydrogels were found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum strains. The biocompatibility and anticancer properties of the QE/OPD loaded nanohybrid hydrogels were established against normal L929 murine fibroblast cells and A431 human skin carcinoma cell lines respectively.
