Longitudinalidade na atenção primária à saúde: explorando a continuidade do cuidado ao longo do tempo / Longitudinality in primary health care: exploring the continuity of care over time / Longitudinalidad en la atención primaria de salud: explorando la continuidad de la atención a lo largo del tiempo

A longitudinalidade do cuidado possibilita a criação de uma conexão de confiança entre usuários e profissionais, o que facilita a comunicação efetiva e uma compreensão mais completa das necessidades e do histórico de saúde de cada pessoa. Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da longitudinalidade na APS, discutindo seus benefícios, desafios e perspectivas. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo, realizado entre março e maio de 2023, fundamentado na formulação discursiva da importância da longitudinalidade na APS que visou explorar as tendências, desafios e perspectivas associados a esse aspecto crucial do cuidado ao longo do tempo. O texto está apresentado em três partes de acordo com os pontos de reflexão. Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para reunir evidências e análises relacionadas à longitudinalidade na APS, abordando seus benefícios, obstáculos e possíveis soluções. Os resultados apontam para a longitudinalidade, como aspecto crucial da APS na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças ao longo do tempo. Estes destacam a necessidade de fortalecer a longitudinalidade na APS, considerando o impacto positivo que isso pode ter na saúde da população uma vez que essa relação fortalece a qualidade do cuidado, a adesão ao tratamento e a satisfação do usuário.

Longitudinal care enables the creation of a trusting connection between users and professionals, which facilitates effective communication and a more complete understanding of each person's needs and health history. This study aims to reflect on the importance of longitudinality in PHC, discussing its benefits, challenges and perspectives. This is a reflective study, carried out between March and May 2023, based on the discursive formulation of the importance of longitudinality in PHC, which aimed to explore the trends, challenges and perspectives associated with this crucial aspect of care over time. The text is presented in three parts according to the points of reflection. A literature review was carried out to gather evidence and analyzes related to longitudinality in PHC, addressing its benefits, obstacles and possible solutions. The results point to longitudinality, as a crucial aspect of PHC in health promotion and disease prevention over time. These highlight the need to strengthen longitudinality in PHC, considering the positive impact that this can have on the population's health, since this relationship strengthens the quality of care, adherence to treatment and user satisfaction.

La atención longitudinal permite crear una conexión de confianza entre usuarios y profesionales, lo que facilita una comunicación eficaz y una comprensión más completa de las necesidades y el historial de salud de cada persona. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la importancia de la longitudinalidad en la APS, discutiendo sus beneficios, desafíos y perspectivas. Se trata de un estudio reflexivo, realizado entre marzo y mayo de 2023, a partir de la formulación discursiva de la importancia de la longitudinalidad en la APS, que tuvo como objetivo explorar las tendencias, desafíos y perspectivas asociadas a este aspecto crucial del cuidado a lo largo del tiempo. El texto se presenta en tres partes según los puntos de reflexión. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura para recopilar evidencias y análisis relacionados con la longitudinalidad en la APS, abordando sus beneficios, obstáculos y posibles soluciones. Los resultados apuntan a la longitudinalidad, como un aspecto crucial de la APS en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades a lo largo del tiempo. Estos resaltan la necesidad de fortalecer la longitudinalidad en la APS, considerando el impacto positivo que esta puede tener en la salud de la población, ya que esa relación fortalece la calidad de la atención, la adherencia al tratamiento y la satisfacción del usuario.

Advances in nanomedicine towards clinical application in oncology and immunology.

Recent advances in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology have contributed to the development of nanomaterials, able to be used as drug carriers, probes, targets or cytostatic drugs by itself. Nanomedicine is now the leading area in nanotechnology where a large number and types of nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and several are already in the clinical practice. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used strategies to treat cancer. Most chemotherapeutic agents have poor solubility, low bioavailability, and are formulated with toxic solvents. NPs have been designed to overcome the lack of specificity of chemotherapeutic agents as well to improve circulation time in blood, taking advantages on tumor cells characteristics. In immunology, recent advances regarding the activation of the innate immune system artificially enhanced by NPs functionalized with immune-stimulators open a new window as novel methods in vaccines. Also, viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) engineered to stimulate immune response against their similar virus or as molecular platforms for the presentation of foreign epitopes have been described. In this review we focused in the use of different types of NPs in oncology and immunology, pinpointing the main novelties regarding their development and use of nanotechnology in a broad array of applications, ranging from tumor diagnostics, immune-modulation up to cancer therapeutics.

Nanoinformatics: an emerging area of information technology at the intersection of bioinformatics, computational chemistry and nanobiotechnology.

After the progress made during the genomics era, bioinformatics was tasked with supporting the flow of information generated by nanobiotechnology efforts. This challenge requires adapting classical bioinformatic and computational chemistry tools to store, standardize, analyze, and visualize nanobiotechnological information. Thus, old and new bioinformatic and computational chemistry tools have been merged into a new sub-discipline: nanoinformatics. This review takes a second look at the development of this new and exciting area as seen from the perspective of the evolution of nanobiotechnology applied to the life sciences. The knowledge obtained at the nano-scale level implies answers to new questions and the development of new concepts in different fields. The rapid convergence of technologies around nanobiotechnologies has spun off collaborative networks and web platforms created for sharing and discussing the knowledge generated in nanobiotechnology. The implementation of new database schemes suitable for storage, processing and integrating physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles will be a key element in achieving the promises in this convergent field. In this work, we will review some applications of nanobiotechnology to life sciences in generating new requirements for diverse scientific fields, such as bioinformatics and computational chemistry.

Supramolecular complexes of quantum dots and a polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-folate derivative for molecular imaging of cancer cells.

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and water-soluble 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-capped CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were combined to produce a new gel containing supramolecular complexes of QDs/PAMAM dendrimers. The formation of the QDs/PAMAM supramolecular complexes was confirmed by high resolution electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborated the structure of the new QDs/PAMAM-based supramolecular compound. Finally, on the basis of the prominent fluorescent properties of the supramolecular complexes, PAMAM dendrimer was functionalized with folic acid to produce a new QDs/PAMAM-folate derivative that showed an efficient and selective performance as a marker for gastric cancer cells.

Nanoinformatics: an emerging area of information technology at the intersection of bioinformatics, computational chemistry and nanobiotechnology

After the progress made during the genomics era, bioinformatics was tasked with supporting the flow of information generated by nanobiotechnology efforts. This challenge requires adapting classical bioinformatic and computational chemistry tools to store, standardize, analyze, and visualize nanobiotechnological information. Thus, old and new bioinformatic and computational chemistry tools have been merged into a new sub-discipline: nanoinformatics. This review takes a second look at the development of this new and exciting area as seen from the perspective of the evolution of nanobiotechnology applied to the life sciences. The knowledge obtained at the nano-scale level implies answers to new questions and the development of new concepts in different fields. The rapid convergence of technologies around nanobiotechnologies has spun off collaborative networks and web platforms created for sharing and discussing the knowledge generated in nanobiotechnology. The implementation of new database schemes suitable for storage, processing and integrating physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles will be a key element in achieving the promises in this convergent field. In this work, we will review some applications of nanobiotechnology to life sciences in generating new requirements for diverse scientific fields, such as bioinformatics and computational chemistry.

Optical determination of differential coverage-potential relations of redox-active species immobilized on electrode surfaces.

Single-wavelength (HeNe laser, lambda = 633 nm), normal incidence UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy was used to monitor the optical properties of the glassy carbon (GC)|0.2 M NaOH(aq) interface as a function of the applied potential, E. Whereas the electroreflectance coefficient for bare GC was found to be small and potential independent, surface functionalization by an irreversibly adsorbed layer of tetrasulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoTSPc) yielded a clearly defined sigmoidally shaped normalized reflectance change (DeltaR/R) vs E curve over the potential region in which the adsorbate displayed redox peaks. Assuming DeltaR/R is proportional to the extent of redox conversion, as has been reported for macrocycles adsorbed on other types of carbon (e.g., Kim, S.; Xu, X.; Bae, I. T.; Wang, Z.; Scherson, D. A. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 2647-2650), differential coverage-potential relations were determined based purely on the optical data collected. A similar optical behavior was found for irreversible adsorbed CoPc and tetraamino CoPc (CoTAPc) adsorbed on GC, for which the voltammetric peaks were ill-defined, too small for coulometric analyses to be reliably performed, or both. No detectable changes in the DeltaR/R vs E profiles of either bare or macrocyclic-functionalized surfaces were observed upon addition of hydrazine to the neat 0.2 M NaOH solution at potentials at which these surfaces display electrocatalytic properties for its oxidation. Possible factors responsible for this behavior are discussed.