ABSTRACT
The use of bone substitute materials in orthodontics is to be considered prior to orthodontic space closure after tooth extraction during the treatment of marked crowding as well as for treatment of residual defects in cleft-lip-and-palate children. In both cases the common objective is structure preservation or augmentation of the alveolar ridge. The demands to be made on the synthetic bone graft substitute comprise not just complication-free and safe use but also the chance of early tooth movement into the treated defect area with sufficient stability of the new tooth position.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/instrumentation , Bone Substitutes , Bone Transplantation , Orthodontics, Preventive/methods , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods , HumansABSTRACT
Surgical dressing after the application of bone grafting material depends on the type and size of the defect. A complete and tension-free wound closure has proved to be successful. In this context the infection problem needs special attention. Bone graft substitutes with an adequate surface structure, porosity and chemical properties, in combination with sufficient blood circulation, hold osteoconductive potential. They serve as a guide rail for the osteoblast-induced formation of new bone tissue, which at best may lead to complete replacement of the grafting material.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/instrumentation , Bone Substitutes , Wound Healing , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods , Humans , Osseointegration , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
A new synthetic bone grafting substitute (NanoBone, ARTOSS GmbH, Germany) is presented. This is produced by a new technique, the sol-gel-method. This bone grafting substitute consists of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and nanostructured silica (SiO2). By achieving a highly porous structure good osteoconductivity can be seen. In addition, the material will be completely biodegraded and new own bone is formed. It has been demonstrated that NanoBone is biodegraded by osteoclasts in a manner comparable to the natural bone remodelling process.
Subject(s)
Bone Substitutes/chemical synthesis , Bone Transplantation/instrumentation , Animals , Biodegradation, Environmental , Bone Remodeling , Bone Transplantation/methods , Ceramics/metabolism , Durapatite/metabolism , Humans , Nanotechnology , Swine , Swine, MiniatureABSTRACT
Bone is the largest calcium storage, has distinctive plasticity and adaptability and is part of the supporting tissue. An adequate composition is thus necessary. The bone matrix consists of organic and anorganic structures. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are responsible for bone formation, resorption and metabolism. The periosteum, endosteum and bone tissue are a functional unit and provide protection, nutrition and growth. Bone is subject to continuous remodelling.
Subject(s)
Bone Remodeling/physiology , Bone Substitutes , Bone Transplantation/instrumentation , Facial Bones , Bone Transplantation/methods , Calcium/metabolism , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Facial Bones/physiology , Facial Bones/surgery , HumansABSTRACT
The diagnostic assessment of skeletal defects has a long-standing tradition. As a result of the development of new bone grafting materials, the demands on diagnostic assessment have also increased. The mode and quality of diagnostic appraisal are crucial to further clinical use and outcome prediction. Alongside traditional clinical and biological techniques, molecular biological methods have gained a broad scope of application and will be used even more frequently in the future.
