ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxic effects of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems. The sterile glass cover slips (n = 3) were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups: (1) Adper™ Single Bond 2; (2) Ambar; (3) Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose; (4) Scotchbond™ Universal; (5) Ambar Universal; and (6) OptiBond All-In-One. As a negative control, sterile glass cover slips were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability and cell morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and SEM, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). All adhesive systems except universal reduced cell viability in 3T3 cells to between 26.04% and 56.57%, and Scotchbond Universal and Ambar Universal reduced cell viability to 2.13% and 3.57%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell-free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, improvements in universal adhesive system formulations and their mechanisms of action are not accompanied by increased toxicity compared with those in other systems, warranting commitment to the use of these dentin-pulp complexes.
Subject(s)
Cell Survival/drug effects , Dental Cements/toxicity , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/physiology , 3T3 Cells , Animals , Cell Membrane/pathology , Cell Shape/drug effects , Fibroblasts/cytology , Formazans/analysis , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Tetrazolium Salts/analysisABSTRACT
O câncer anal é raro, porém certas populações apresentam risco aumentado para o seu desenvolvimento, sendo o terceiro tumor maligno mais comum entre os portadores do HIV. Diferentemente da maioria das malignidades que acometem estes indivíduos, o câncer anal pode ser prevenido. O sucesso da triagem de câncer do colo do útero para a diminuição de sua incidência tem conduzido à sua utilização como critério para efetuar o seguimento do câncer anal. Entretanto, este protocolo tem sido mais empregado na pesquisa, e em apenas algumas exceções. Neste estudo é realizada a revisão sobre o câncer anal, seus fatores de risco e diagnóstico, com o objetivo de alertar a comunidade científica e os profissionais de saúde quanto à importância de efetuar seu rastreamento e acompanhamento, bem como das suas lesões precursoras em indivíduos portadores de HIV/AIDS.
Anal cancer is rare, but certain populations are at increased risk for this type of tumor, beingthe third most commonly reported malignancy among HIV positive individuals. Unlike themajority of malignancies occurring in this population, the anal cancer can be prevented. The successof cervical cancer screening in reducing its incidence has led to point this strategy as a criterionfor performing the anal cancer screening. However, this protocol has been used mostly and widelyfor conducting the scientific researches, with a few exceptions only. This study reviews the topicson anal cancer, its risk factors and its diagnosis, in order to alert the scientific community andthe health professionals about the importance of anal cancer screening and its monitoring inHIV infected patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , HIV , Anus Neoplasms , Coinfection , PapillomaviridaeABSTRACT
The species of the genus Pleurotus produce large amounts of biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in submerged cultures, which may be used for biotechnological purposes. In the present work two Brazilian autochthonous strains of edible Pleurotus (P. ostratoroseus Sing. and P. ostreatus "florida") were used. The fungi grown in liquid Potato Dextrose medium (PD) were used as inocula to cultivate those microorganisms in the POL culture medium. After a 9-day incubation, the optimal growth time for biomass production, P. ostreatus "florida" presented higher biomass production (22.8 g d.w./l) than P. ostreatoroseus (16.8 g d.w./l). After a 7-day incubation, the optimal growth time for EPS production, P. ostreatoroseus produced higher amounts of crude EPS (5.8 g d.w./l) than P. ostreatus "florida" (1.4 g d.w./l). Relative carbohydrate composition for P. ostreatoroseus and P. ostreatus "florida" EPS were: glucose (95.5-87.7), galactose (traces - 4.9), mannose (traces - 3.1), xylose (1.3-2.5), and arabinose (3.2-1.8). Lower ammonium sulfate concentration in the POL culture medium increased the exopolysaccharides production by P. ostreatoroseus.
