ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is accepted as a standard surgical staging procedure for determining the tumour status of the regional lymph nodes. Until September 2000 we performed SLNB in general anaesthesia. Since 1999, after validation of the SLNB concept, axillary dissection was omitted in SLN-negative patients. This study presents our data after SLNB under local anaesthesia after a follow-up of at least 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2000 and May 2003, 356 SLNBs were performed under local anaesthesia without sedation in patients with proven breast cancer (T4-tumours and small in situ carcinomas excluded) and without clinically or ultrasound guided cytological evidence of axillary node involvement. Lymphatic mapping and SLN identification were performed through the combination of blue dye and 99m Tc-nanocolloid. All positive SLNs were followed by an axillary dissection up to level three. SLN-negative patients were followed without axillary clearance. RESULTS: In 353/356 SLNBs at least one sentinel node was found. 254/353 SLNs were tumour free. After a median follow-up of 73 months loco-regional and distant events were encountered in 10/353 SLNBs. Four patients (SLN-negative) showed tumour localization in the residual breast or chest wall (1.1%). Three patients (SLN-negative) presented with supraclavicular metastases (0.8%). In three patients (one SLN-negative and two SLN-positive followed by ALND) an axillary recurrence was encountered (0.8%). CONCLUSION: This survey confirms the safety of the SLNB under local anaesthesia in selecting patients for axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/methods , Breast Neoplasms/secondary , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Axilla , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Lymphatic Metastasis , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Netherlands/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
AIMS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may permit reliable identification of patients with axillary node involvement. The aim of this study was to report our experience with this procedure under local anaesthesia. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two patients underwent a sentinel node procedure under local anaesthesia without sedation. The SLN was identified by (99m)Tc-nano-colloid and patent blue. Immediate histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry was performed. Patients with positive SLNs proceded to axillary dissection under general anaesthesia. RESULTS: In all 162 patients the SLN ('s) were found using blue dye and gamma-probe. The SLN was positive in 55/162 patients (34%). Five of these were detected using immunohistochemistry only. CONCLUSIONS: A 100% detection rate of sentinel nodes in early breast cancer harvested under local anaesthesia was achieved without serious morbidity. This allows the surgeon to select preoperatively the treatment given to the patient.
