Prevalence of Incidentally Detected Vascular Compressions in Abdominal Computed Tomography.

Background: Abdominopelvic vascular structures are exposed to be compressed by adjacent organs or might cause compression of the adjacent hollow viscera. Most of these conditions are asymptomatic and they are detected on imaging incidentally. However, when they are symptomatic, they can lead to a variety of uncommon syndromes in the abdomen and pelvis. Aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of incidental abdominopelvic vascular compressions on computed tomography. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All the CT was performed using 64 slice machine. All computed tomography scan of the abdomen between January and April 2019 were evaluated. Data were collected by evaluating abdominal Computed Tomographic scans from Picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 25.0 software. Results: Out of 623 multi detector abdominopelvic computed tomography (MDCT) performed between January 2019 and April 2019; a total of 513 (N = 513) patients were included in the study. This study group comprised of 277 (54 %) females and 236 male (46%) patients. Mean age was 38 ± 20 (mean ± SD). We identified 35(6.8%) participants with imaging features of Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) compressions and a 34(6.6%) with imaging features of nutcracker phenomenon. The celiac artery was compressed by median arcuate ligament (MAL) in 22(4.3%) of them. Conclusion: Incidentally detected intraabdominal vascular compressions are common to asymptomatic patients. This result emphasizes that, vascular compression syndromes diagnosis should not be made on imaging alone.

A Retrospective Analysis on Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Neck Pain in a Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a common health problem throughout the world causing significant individual disability and economic burden on health care facility. Many factors are mentioned as a cause or association in relation to neck pain, of which degenerative and posttraumatic cause are the main ones. The aim of this study is to assess cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) patterns in patients presented with neck pain. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 160 patients who had cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for evaluation of a neck pain was done. The study was conducted between February to August 2018 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The patients' clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging reports were reviewed from their medical records. All patients who have cervical spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for a neck pain were included in the study. Those patients with acute traumatic neck pain were excluded. RESULTS: From a total of 160 patients, 71(44.4%) were males and 89(55.6%) were females. Degenerative cervical spine findings such as intervertebral disc degenerations were seen in 127(79.4%) patients. Non-degenerative imaging findings such as neoplasm and infection were seen in 10(6.3%) patients only. The MRI was normal in 23(14.4%) of them. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of neck pain from this study is degenerative changes of the cervical spine, which was predominant in the older age groups. Non-degenerative causes such as neoplasm and infection were less common findings.

Yield of Ultrasound Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Intraabdominal Masses and Lymph Nodes: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Ultrasonography (USG) guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, rapid and accurate procedure for establishing diagnosis of intraabdominal lesions. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy, and factors affecting the yield of USG guided FNAC. In addition, we intent to analyze the various intraabdominal masses based on location and cytological features. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of radiology, between September 2019 - September 2020. Patients' preparation and USG guided FNAC procedures were performed according to the departments protocol. Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of association between independent and dependent variables. Results: Seventy-four USG guided FNAC were performed. The liver was aspirated in 34 (45.9%) followed by omentum, nine (12.2%), abdominal lymph nodes in seven (9.5%) and ovaries in four (5.4%) of the cases. The sample was diagnostically adequate in 56 (75.7%). Malignancy was diagnosed in 52 (70.3%) followed by inflammatory 3(4.1%) and one (1.4%) case of indeterminate spindle cell neoplasm (1.4%). There were no statistically significant associations between the diagnostic yield and location of the lesion, the size of the lesion, the sampling technique, the number of needle passes and qualification of the operators. Conclusion: USG guided FNAC provides a good diagnostic yield and there is no difference in diagnostic yield between the various location of the lesions, sampling techniques, number of needle passes and qualification of the operators. A larger size study is recommended to better analyze factors affecting the diagnostic yield of this procedure.

Neglected intrauterine fetal demise for more than two decades leading to the development of a lithopedion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Lithopedion is a word derived from the Greek words lithos, meaning stone, and paidion, meaning child, to describe a fetus that has become stony or petrified. Lithopedion is a rare complication of pregnancy which occurs when a fetus dies and becomes too large to be reabsorbed by the body. This entity in rare circumstances can be challenging for physicians to diagnose since it has a range of clinical manifestations. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 55-year-old, gravida IV para III, Ethiopian woman from Ethiopia with a retained fetus and vesicovaginal fistula after an obstructed labor and a neglected intrauterine fetal demise of approximately 22 years. The diagnosis was confirmed by suggestive clinical history, physical examination findings, and an abdominopelvic computed tomography scan. Laparotomy and removal of the lithopedion was done and our patient was sent to a fistula hospital for vesicovaginal fistula repair. CONCLUSION: This case is a rare phenomenon in which the dead fetus remained in the uterus for a long time after a neglected obstructed labor and uterine rupture.