Polystyrene Oxygen Optodes Doped with Ir(III) and Pd(II) meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin Using an LED-Based High-Sensitivity Phosphorimeter.

This paper presents a gaseous oxygen detection system based on time-resolved phosphorimetry (time-domain), which is used to investigate O2 optical transducers. The primary sensing elements were formed by incorporating iridium(III) and palladium(II) meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin complexes (IrTFPP-CO-Cl and PdTFPP) in polystyrene (PS) solid matrices. Probe excitation was obtained using a violet light-emitting diode (LED) (low power), and the resulting phosphorescence was detected by a high-sensitivity compact photomultiplier tube. The detection system performance and the preparation of the transducers are presented along with their optical properties, phosphorescence lifetimes, calibration curves and photostability. The developed lifetime measuring system showed a good signal-to-noise ratio, and reliable results were obtained from the optodes, even when exposed to moderate levels of O2. The new IrTFPP-CO-Cl membranes exhibited room temperature phosphorescence and moderate sensitivity: <τ0>/<τ21%> ratio of ≈6. A typically high degree of dynamic phosphorescence quenching was observed for the traditional indicator PdTFPP: <τ0>/<τ21%> ratio of ≈36. Pulsed-source time-resolved phosphorimetry combined with a high-sensitivity photodetector can offer potential advantages such as: (i) major dynamic range, (ii) extended temporal resolution (Δτ/Δ[O2]) and (iii) high operational stability. IrTFPP-CO-Cl immobilized in polystyrene is a promising alternative for O2 detection, offering adequate photostability and potentially mid-range sensitivity over Pt(II) and Pd(II) metalloporphyrins.

PET(CO2) measurement and feature extraction of capnogram signals for extubation outcomes from mechanical ventilation.

Capnography is a continuous and noninvasive method for carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, and it has become the standard of care for basic respiratory monitoring for intubated patients in the intensive care unit. In addition, it has been used to adjust ventilatory parameters during mechanical ventilation (MV). However, a substantial debate remains as to whether capnography is useful during the process of weaning and extubation from MV during the postoperative period. Thus, the main objective of this study was to present a new use for time-based capnography data by measuring the end-tidal CO2 pressure ([Formula: see text]), partial pressure of arterial CO2 ([Formula: see text]) and feature extraction of capnogram signals before extubation from MV to evaluate the capnography as a predictor of outcome extubation in infants after cardiac surgery. Altogether, 82 measurements were analysed, 71.9% patients were successfully extubated, and 28.1% met the criteria for extubation failure within 48 h. The ROC-AUC analysis for quantitative measure of the capnogram showed significant differences (p < 0.001) for: expiratory time (0.873), slope of phase III (0.866), slope ratio (0.923) and ascending angle (0.897). In addition, the analysis of [Formula: see text] (0.895) and [Formula: see text] (0.924) obtained 30 min before extubation showed significant differences between groups. The [Formula: see text] mean value for success and failure extubation group was 39.04 mmHg and 46.27 mmHg, respectively. It was also observed that high CO2 values in patients who had returned MV was 82.8 ± 21 mmHg at the time of extubation failure. Thus, [Formula: see text] measurements and analysis of features extracted from a capnogram can differentiate extubation outcomes in infant patients under MV, thereby reducing the physiologic instability caused by failure in this process.

Application of a photogrammetric kinematic model for prediction of lung volumes in adolescents: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: There are several ways to measure the respiratory system, among them inductance plethysmography and three-dimensional kinematic analysis, methods of high cost and difficult transportability. The objective of this study was to correlate respiratory volumes obtained by spirometry standard equipment with a biomechanical model photogrammetric analysis of adolescents. METHODS: We evaluated 50 subjects of both genders, aged between 14 and 17 years old, excluding those with respiratory obstruction or restriction. Stickers with markers, there was a five-point mapping for anatomical modeling and photogrammetry, with each evaluated in supine position, was sought to test the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The test was filmed and repeated three times. Images of the films were extracted for the moment of maximum exhalation and inhalation of proof with better breathing. With the use of a commercial software, defined the respiratory volumes to the thorax and abdomen. RESULTS: The photogrammetric analysis has found values strongly correlated with the spirometric measurements of FVC (0.812), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 - 0.708), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF - 0.762) in addition to post test performed Inspiration (IP- 0.816). There was a higher ventilatory mobility for boys than girls for Lower Chest and Lower and Upper Abdomen. It was possible to reach a regression R2 = 0.866 for proof of FVC and R2 = 0.776 for IP with the use of photogrammetry, presenting a standard error of 0.353 and 0.451, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Photogrammetry can be used to study thoracoabdominal movements by applying analytical two-dimensional and three-dimensional images acquired using a video camera being, applicable and reproducible.

Resultados do curso técnico em equipamentos médico-hospitalares / Results of technical course in medico-hospitalar equipments

No presente trabalho, relatam-se os resultados finais do primeiro Curso Técnico em Equipamentos Médico-Hospitalares do Brasil. Os aspectos administrativos, didático-pedagógicos e técnicos do curso são também discutidos.

Abstract - ln the present work, the final results of the first Technician Course on Biornedical Engineering of Brazil are reported. Adrninistrative, educational and technical aspects are also discussed

Laboratório de ensaio para certificaçäo de equipamentos médico-hospitalares / Assay laboratory for certification of medico-hospitalar equipments

Devido à necessidade de certificação de equipamentos eletromédicos no país, há uma demanda para o credenciamento de laboratórios de ensaio pelo INMETRO. Este artigo apresenta um histórico da qualidade na área de saúde, culminando com a formação da Rede Brasileira de Laboratórios de Ensaio. Apresentam-se também resultados de ensaios realizados em desfibriladores cardíacos de acordo com a NBR IEC 601-1 e a IEC 601-2-4, como exemplo de procedimento de certificação para equipamento médico-hospitalar.

Abstract - Due to the necessity of ce11ification of electromedical equipment, there is an increasing demand for Laboratories which can certify instruments. This article presents a review of the quality of the health services in Brazil. The fonnation of the Brazilian Network of Test Laboratories (RBLE) is discussed and, the results of some tests for cardiac defibrillators are presented according to NBR IEC 601-1 and IEC 601-2-4 standards, as an example for the certification of medical equipment

Desenvolvimento de membrans sensoras para detecçäo de oxigênio gasoso / Development of sensor membranes for gaseous oxigen detection

O desenvolvimento de um sensor óptico para oxigênio gasoso utilizando a propriedade de extinção de fosforescência é descrita. O sensor consiste no indicador Pd coproporfirina imobilizado em um polímetro termoplástico. Os dados referentes à curva de calibração do sensor na faixa de 0 a 21 por cento de O2 são apresentados e discutidos.

The development of an optical oxygen sensor using phosphorescence lifetime quenching is described. The sensor is produced with the dye Pd coproporphyrin immobilised in a polymer. The calibration curve for the sensor is presented over the range O - 21 % of 0 2.

Instrumentaçäo de estado sólido para excitaçäo de indicador fosforecente de O2 / Solid state instrumentation for excitation of O2 phosphorescence indicator

Descreve-se a construção e desempenho de um instrumento para excitar o indicador fosforescente de O2, Paládio (Pd) coproporfirina imobilizado em um polímero. A excitação é efetuada via LEDs. Os resultados mostram que é possível a excitação do indicador, entretanto com baixa relação sinal/ruído. Pela utilização das medidas de tempos de vida de fosforescência, concentrações de O2 até 21 por cento podem ser determinadas.

The construction and performance of an instrument to excite the dye Pd coproporphyrin and to measure its phosphorescence lifetimes are described. The instrument employs LEDs as optical source. The results have shown that it is possible the excitation of the dye, although the intensity of the registered signals was very low. By measuring phosphorescence lifetimes concentrations up to 21 % of gaseous oxygen can be determined when the dye is immobilised in a polymer.

Analisador näo invasivo da icterícia neonatal / Noninvasive analyser of neonatal jaundice

Desenvolveu-se um instrumento não invasivo para a avaliação da icterícia neonatal. Utilizam-se feixes de fibras ópticas para detectar a reflectância óptica da pele, a qual é relacionada à concentração sérica da bilirrubina. Com esse instrumento, espera-se fazer a triagem de pacientes recém-nascidos, selecionando aqueles que necessitam da dosagem sérica da bilirrubina.

The development of a non invasive instrument for neonatal jaundice evaluation is described. Optical fibers are used to detect the optical reflectance of the skin which is related to the serum bilirubin concentration. The instrument is to be used for the screening of newborn patients, thus selecting only those who need the serum bilirubin determination

Prevençäo de riscos elétricos no ambiente médico-hospitalar: instalaçöes elétricas, equipamentos eletromédicos / Prevention of electrial hazards in medical-hospital environment: electric equipments

Situaçöes de riscos elétricos podem ocorrer em ambientes médico-hospitalares devido à crescente utilizaçäo de equipamentos eletrônicos, principalmente daqueles que usam métodos invasivos. Em países mais desenvolvidos estes riscos säo minimizados através da fiscalizaçäo da qualidade de produtos e através de testes periódicos em hospitais, seguindo procedimentos estabelecidos por normas técnicas. A situaçäo é precária no país devido à carência de normas técnicas, às dificuldades de prover manutençäo adequada aos equipamentos e às instalaçöes, e à falta de conscientizaçäo por parte de hospitais, órgäos públicos e profissionais da saúde. Uma revisäo dos riscos elétricos e das medidas preventivas recomendadas pelas normas técnicas internacionais foi efetuada para as instalaçöes elétricas hospitalares. Em seguida, é apresentado um conjunto de testes que devem ser executados periodicamente para assegurar um nível adequado de proteçäo. Alguns destes testes foram efetuados em dois hospitais da cidade de Säo Paulo, e os resultados säo relatados