ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise steadily. While obesity management typically relies on dietary and lifestyle modifications, individual responses to these interventions vary widely. Clinical guidelines for overweight and obesity stress the importance of personalized approaches to care. This review aims to underscore the role of precision nutrition in delivering tailored interventions for obesity management. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent technological strides have expanded our ability to detect obesity-related genetic polymorphisms, with machine learning algorithms proving pivotal in analyzing intricate genomic data. Machine learning algorithms can also predict postprandial glucose, triglyceride, and insulin levels, facilitating customized dietary interventions and ultimately leading to successful weight loss. Additionally, given that adherence to dietary recommendations is one of the key predictors of weight loss success, employing more objective methods for dietary assessment and monitoring can enhance sustained long-term compliance. Biomarkers of food intake hold promise for a more objective dietary assessment. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of obesity, precision nutrition stands poised to transform obesity management by tailoring dietary interventions to individuals' genetic backgrounds, gut microbiota, metabolic profiles, and behavioral patterns. However, there is insufficient evidence demonstrating the superiority of precision nutrition over traditional dietary recommendations. The integration of precision nutrition into routine clinical practice requires further validation through randomized controlled trials and the accumulation of a larger body of evidence to strengthen its foundation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To compare the effects of aerobic exercise and conventional exercise that were applied during the rehabilitation process on the aerobic capacity, motor function, activity limitation, quality of life, depression level, and sleep quality in subacute stroke patients. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups; aerobic exercise group (n = 22) or conventional exercise group (n = 20). Both groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program; however, aerobic exercise program was applied only for the patients in group 1. Exercise tolerance test (ETT), respiratory function tests, 6-min walking test (6-MWT), functional independence measure (FIM), Nottingham health profile (NHP), Beck depression scale (BDS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were evaluated on admission and discharge. RESULTS: The 6-MWT, FIM, some subgroups of NHP, BDS, and PSQI results demonstrated statistical differences in both groups after rehabilitation programs. Significant differences were recorded in terms of changes between admission and discharge values of ETT and BDS in favor of aerobic exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of aerobic exercises into conventional rehabilitation programs of early stroke patients may provide positive contributions, particularly to mood and aerobic capacity.
