A First Case of Acute Cerebellitis Associated with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): a Case Report and Literature Review.

Novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2: SARS-CoV-2), which originated from Wuhan, China, has spread to the other countries in a short period of time. We report a 47-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital due to suffering from progressive vertigo and ataxia for 7 days prior to the admission. Neurological examination revealed cerebellar dysfunction, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted edema of the cerebellar hemisphere associated with leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and lactate dehydrogenase. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal and CSF specimens. As a result, treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir was initiated, and patient symptoms and signs improved significantly during the course of hospitalization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of acute cerebellitis associated with COVID-19 disease which is reported in the literature so far.

Outcome after Surgical Management of Acetabular Fractures: A 7-Year Experience.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional and radiologic results of surgical treatment in patients with acetabular fractures. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operatively treated acute acetabular fractures at a level I trauma center (Shahid Rajaee) and an orthopedic center (Shahid Chamran) both in southern Iran (Shiraz) with minimally 1 year follow up over a period of 7 years from April 2009 to March 2016. Functional and radiographic outcomes, and complication were considered as main outcomes. RESULTS: A total number of 79 patients completed the study. Fifty-five patients were operated through Kocher-Langenbeck approach, and 18 were operated through the standard ilioinguinal approach, and 6 patients were operated through the standard ilioinguinal approach combined with Kocher-Langenbeck approach. The mean follow-up of patients was 45.6 months. The average operative time was 162.4±78.5 min, and the median blood loss was 500 ml. Functional results were excellent in 41 patients (51.9%), good in 12 (15.2%), fair in 13 (16.5%), and poor in 13 patients (16.5%). Radiologic results were excellent in 27 cases (34.2%), good in 17 cases (21.5%), fair in 18 cases (22.8%), and poor in 16 (16.5%). Osteoarthritis of hip (60.8%) and AVN of head of femur (22.8%) were two most common complications. In addition, there wasn't any significant difference between surgical approaches regarding clinical and radiographic outcomes. CONCLUSION: The operative treatment for acetabular fractures gives universally satisfactory results. Thereafter, this study provides evidence that ilioinguinal approach is a good choice for anterior fractures, Kocher-Langenbeck is a good choice for posteriors fractures, and combined approach may be a good choice in the management of acetabular fractures involving two columns.

Synergistic Effects of Resistin and Visfatin as Adipocyte Derived Hormones on Telomerase Gene Expression in AGS Gastric Cancer Cell Line.

Recently suggested that adipocytokines may play a role in pathogenesis and progression of certain cancers, especially in gastric cancer. The previous study showed Resistin and Visfatin, as adipocyte derived hormones, separately increases telomerase (hTERT) gene, the aim of this study is investigating synergic effects of Resistin and Visfatin on telomerase gene expression, in AGS gastric cancer cell line. In this study, human gastric cancer AGS cell line was selected. After stimulation with increasing concentrations of Resistin and Visfatin recombinant proteins for 24 and 48 hours, cell proliferation was assessed by XTT assay. In order to investigate the telomerase gene expression affected by these proteins, total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and expression of hTERT mRNA was carried out by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After Resistin and Visfatin, recombinant proteins treatment was increased the gastric cell line proliferation and expression of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT), but co-stimulation with Resistin and Visfatin showed greater inducible effects on cell proliferation and telomerase gene expression in comparison with the stimulatory effect of the individual hormone. This study has shown Resistin, and Visfatin synergistically increased gastric cancer cell proliferation and enhanced the telomerase gene expression. These data showed that these two hormones in gastric cancer tissue could cooperatively accelerate cancer cell growth via enhancing the telomerase expression as a cancer gene.

Resistin and Visfatin Expression in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line.

Adipocytokines, hormones secreted from adipose tissue, have been shown to be associated with many cancers such as breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. Recent studies have indicated that resistin and visfatin, two of these adipokines have high level plasma concentrations in colorectal cancer patients and may be promising biomarkers for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to identify whether the colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116, itself is the source of these two adipokines secretion. Resistin and visfatin expression were investigated in HCT-116 by RT - PCR at mRNA level and confirmed by ELISA at protein level. Visfatin showed a high expression at both mRNA and protein levels in HCT-116. Conversely, resistin was not expressed in either cell lysate or supernatant. These results showed that HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells secrete and express visfatin endogenously. However, they are not the main source of resistin and the high level of resistin in colorectal cancer may be due to monocytes and other inflammatory cells which increase in proinflammation status of cancer. Taken together, visfatin may act on colorectal cancer cell in an autocrine manner while resistin may act in a paracrine manner.

Adipocyte Derived Hormones Gene Expression, Resistin and Visfatin, in AGS Gastric Cancer Cell Line.

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue has characteristics of an endocrine organ which releases a number of adipocyte-specific factors, known as adipocytokines. It has recently suggested that adipocytokines might play a role in pathogenesis and progression of certain cancers, especially in gastric cancer. This study has managed to investigate endogenous and/or exogenous expression of Visfatin and Resistin in gastric cancer cell line. METHODS: Cell culture and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction has performed to measure mRNA and protein expression of Resistin and Visfatin in gastric cancer cell lines. ELISA test has performed for cell lysate and supernatant of cell culture to measure Resistin and Visfatin protein expression and secretion. RESULTS: Human gastric cancer cell line (AGS cell line) has found to express Visfatin mRNA and protein but Resistin mRNA and protein has not expressed. CONCLUSION: Visfatin has expressed endogenously in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Conversely Resistin has no expression. The results of this study has suggested that expression of adipocytokine proteins in real samples, could be a biomarker for gastric cancer.

Evaluation of the Root ZX apex locator in primary teeth.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator in determining canal length in primary incisors. METHODS: Root ZX was utilized to measure the canal lengths of 150 primary incisors in vivo. After the teeth were extracted, a standard ruler was used to measure the canal lengths to the nearest 0.5 mm. A paired t test was used to compare the lengths obtained in vivo with Root ZX and the lengths measured in vitro. RESULTS: In 98 (65%) of the canals, the length measured by Root ZX was determined to be equal to the length measured in vitro. Root ZX measurements were found to be less than in vitro measurements by 0.5 mm in 24 canals (16%), and were greater than in vitro measurements by 0.5 mm in 21 canals (14%). Root ZX measurements exceeded in vitro measurements by 1.0 to 1.5 mm in 5 canals (3%) and were less than in vitro measurements by 1.0 mm in 2 canals (1%). Paired t test analysis indicated no significant difference between the 2 measurement methods (P=.67). CONCLUSIONS: Root ZX can accurately assess the length of canals in primary incisors.