ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa anatomy (Keros types) and its relationship with changes in adjacent anatomical structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this descriptive-analytical study, the paranasal CBCT of 120 healthy adults over 18 years of age were evaluated. The olfactory fossa depth on both sides and the degree of asymmetry on both sides were reported. Correlation of olfactory fossa depth with the size of adjacent anatomical structures such as middle concha length, maximum orbital height and distance from ethmoid roof to nasal floor and ethmoid roof height to the palate in the anterior and posterior, length, and lateral angle of the lamella and cribriform plate distance. The lower concha junction was examined. The most common olfactory fossae on both sides of the Keros classification were Type II, Type I, and Type III, respectively. The mean dimensions of adjacent anatomical structures on the right and left did not differ significantly. The length and lateral angle of the lamella and the height of the ethmoid roof to the floor of the nose, and the height of the ethmoid roof to the palate in the back, on the right, and left in Type III were greater. The lateral angle of the left lamella was greater in Type III. The relationship between olfactory fossa depth and changes in anatomical structures were not significantly correlated with increasing olfactory fossa depth. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03538-2.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ponticulus posticus (PP) (arcuate foramen) is an abnormal bony bridge in the posterior arch of the atlas, which could possibly cause certain complications such as headache. Our goal was to assess the prevalence and size of PP on lateral cephalometric radiographs and its relationships with cervicogenic headache and migraine. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was a descriptive-analytical type and was performed in Isfahan Azad Dental University. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 150 patients referred to the radiology department were selected to assess the prevalence and size of the anomaly. A checklist was prepared to evaluate cervicogenic headache and migraine among patients. Results: Our sample consisted of 97 females and 53 males with an age range between 5 and 56 years. The prevalence of PP was 21.3% (12% complete and 9.3% incomplete), and an insignificant difference was noted between the prevalence of complete and incomplete foramen (P > 0.05). The prevalence of foramen was higher in women (59.4%), but it was not significant. The mean width of complete foramen was 6.40 mm, and the mean heights in individuals with complete and incomplete foramen were 4.71 and 4.84 mm, respectively. Among patients with the anomaly, 43.8% had cervicogenic headache and 9.4% had migraine. There was a significant association between the presence of foramen and both types of headaches (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the shape of anomaly and the presence of cervicogenic headache and migraine (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of PP and its significant association with cervicogenic headache and migraine.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: With increase of digital imaging, the need for storage space and transmission speed also increases. Compressed images need less storage space and decrease the transmission time. However, compression could compromise image quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of image compression on the identification of cephalometric points on direct digital lateral cephalogram images, compared with the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this analytical-descriptive study, 19 direct digital lateral cephalograms saved in DICOM format were used. They were converted to joint photographic experts group (JPEG) 2000 format with quality factors 85, 75, and 60 adding up to 76 images (DICOM, JPEG 85, 75, and 60). The images were randomized and eight cephalometric points were identified on each image by a professional, using the x-y coordinate system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to investigate if there was a statistically significant difference in the location of cephalometric points between each group of images. All tests were applied at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference in the identification of the eight cephalometric points between the DICOM images and the JPEG2000 quality factors 85, 75, and 60. CONCLUSION: JPEG2000 images of lateral cephalograms with quality factors 85, 75, and 60 did not demonstrate any alterations in the identification of cephalometric points compared with the DICOM format. JPEG2000 is a reliable file format for the compression of digital lateral cephalograms.
