Social Health and Related Factors in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the level of social health and related factors in nurses. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on searching English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct databases, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, and Magiran from inception to January 2022. The mean (SD) of nurses' social health scores, their various dimensions, and related factors were extracted from the retrieved articles. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager software, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 36 studies were reviewed for systematic review and 34 studies for meta-analysis. The total mean (SD) of social health in 9281 nurses was 57.13 (6.82) (on a scale of 0-100) with a 95% confidence interval of 50.31-63.95. Social health of nurses showed a statistically significant relationship with some demographic-personal factors and occupational-organizational factors. Conclusions: The level of nurses' social health was moderate which needs to be improved. To improve the performance of professional roles and the nursing care quality, it is necessary for healthcare system managers, especially nursing managers, to consider individual and organizational factors affecting nurses' social health in planning and decision making and try to increase nurses' social health. Some of the limitations of this study were that only reviewing quantitative cross-sectional studies and couldn't combine words when searching in Iranian databases.

Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Comfort Questionnaire in a Sample of Iranian Nurses: A Methodological Study.

Background and Purpose: This study was conducted to translate the Nurses' Comfort Questionnaire (NCQ) into Persian and examine its psychometric properties. Methods: In this methodological study, after translation, and face and content validity of the instrument, 300 nurses were randomly selected from the various hospitals in Kashan, during 2022. The construct validity and reliability of the instrument were examined. Results: The extracted five factors in exploratory factor analysis were able to explain 35.7% of the total variance of the questionnaire score. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and the smallest measurable change of the psychometric of NCQ (P-NCQ) were calculated as .872, .899, ±4.284, and 5.737, respectively. Conclusions: The P-NCQ has 30 items in five subscales and can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the comfort of nurses.

The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: a cross-sectional study of community older adults.

BACKGROUND: The old people population is increasing worldwide. Along with their increasing population, an increase in elder abuse cases is predicted. Elder abuse is a neglected problem, and many cases go unreported. This study was conducted to identify types of elder abuse and examine associated risk factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 500 older people in Ardabil (northwestern Iran). Data was collected over three months, from June to September 2020. Data was collected using a demographic information form and the Domestic Elder Abuse questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Logistic regression was used to identify factors related to elder abuse. RESULTS: The results showed that out of the 500 participants, 258 (51.6%) were male, and 242 (48.2%) were female. Among the 500 participants, 377 individuals (75/4%) reported experiencing at least one type of abuse in the past year. The highest rate of elder abuse was observed for emotional neglect (47.2%) and psychological abuse (40.8%), while the lowest rate was measured for rejection (15.4%) and physical abuse (12.4%). The results indicated that elder abuse was significantly associated with chronic illness (OR = 0.601, 95% CI: 0.391-0.922) and having 1-4 children (OR = 1.275, 95% CI: 1.137-1.430). CONCLUSION: Considering the high level of elder abuse and its dangerous effects on the quality of life for older people, it is essential to develop appropriate programs to increase awareness among older people and their families.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Emergency Medical Technicians and its Relationship with Occupational Stress and Depression: Post-Corona Screening, Zanjan, 2022.

Objective: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of seeing painful events involving suspected COVID-19 patients and being concerned about potentially infecting themselves and their families. Therefore, screening for these disorders is essential in the post-Corona era. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD among EMTs and its relationship with occupational stress and depression when dealing with patients with suspected COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on EMTs at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, PTSD checklist, occupational stress questionnaire, and the Goldberg depression scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. Result: 205 EMTs participated in this cross-sectional study. The mean and standard deviation of PTSD was 37.13±12.93 (17-85), and according to the cut-off (45), the prevalence of PTSD was 30.7%. There was a direct and significant association between the total PTSD and depression scores (r=0.435, p=0.001). Some occupational stress domains, such as demand (r=0.306, p=0.001), colleague support (r=0.149, p=0.033), and communication (r=0.293, p=0.001) had a significant association with PTSD. The domains of sadness in depression (OR=1.074, p=0.027) and demands in occupational stress (OR=1.872, p=0.029) were the most important predictors of PTSD. Among demographic variables, employment status was the most important protective factor for PTSD (OR=0.378, p=0.038). Conclusion: PTSD affected one-third of EMTs, and it had a significant relationship with various dimensions of depression and occupational stress. Due to the chronic nature of these diseases, policymakers are advised to prioritize psychological screening of EMTs as part of the post-Corona policy.

Human Caring: A Concept Analysis.

Introduction: Human caring combines science, art, and humanity. Humanity is the heart of care and interpersonal interactions. Despite the critical emphasis on human caring and concern for nursing care without humanity, there is no clear definition for human caring in nursing. This study aimed to analyze the concept of human caring. Methods: Walker and Avant's strategy for concept analysis was used. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Doc, SID, and a number of dictionaries were searched without any limitation in date. Search keywords were "care", "caring", "human caring", "humanization", "patient care", "comprehensive care" and "nursing care". We searched all documents published before September 2020. In the initial search, 1637 articles were found but finally, 39 relevant articles remained in the study. Results: The nine defining attributes of human caring were establishing therapeutic communication, presence at the patient bedside, empathy, providing scientific care, subjectivity, dynamicity, respecting the patient's rights and ethics of care, helping the patient achieve a feeling of well-being, and art and creativity. Antecedents of human caring were categorized into three categories namely, human, personal, and organizational factors. The consequences were also categorized into consequences related to nurse, profession, patient, and organization. Conclusion: A theoretical definition and a conceptual model of human caring were developed. This concept should be included in the nursing curricula at all undergraduate and graduate levels and even in nurses' in-service training programs.

Effectiveness of self-care program on the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A Randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life-threatening condition that causes physical and psychological disorders and decreases patients' quality of life (QoL). Performing proper educational self-care program may lead to higher QoL in these patients. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of a self-care educational program on QoL in patients with CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This semi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients with CAD referred to the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) center of Vali Asr hospital in Qom, Iran, in 2018-2019. Patients were divided into control and intervention groups by randomized sampling. The self-care educational program was provided through lectures and booklet. Data collection was done using the "demographic and clinical data questionnaire," and "Seattle Angina questionnaire." Questionnaires were completed in both groups, before and at least 1 month after education. Analysis of the obtained data was performed using SPSS software (version 25), central indexes, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups for demographics characteristics and quality of life before the intervention. Before the self-care program, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 56.14 ± 9.75 and 58.46 ± 11.71, respectively. After that, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 59.25 ± 10.56 and 59.7 ± 13.33, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean scores of QoL in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were seen in the control group before and after the study (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The self-care educational program improved the QoL in patients with CAD. Therefore, lectures and educational booklets should be considered by CR nurses.

Compassion-based care for COVID-19 patients: a qualitative analysis of nurses' perceptions.

Compassion is a basic approach to medical practice and is the core component of health care. The purpose of the present study was to explore nurses' perceptions of compassion-based care (CBC) for COVID-19 patients. In this qualitative study, the participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Individual and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 nurses, and conventional content analysis was used to categorize the data. In the care of COVID-19 patients, CBC consisted of three categories including pro-social behaviors, paying attention to the beliefs and values of patients, and concern for family members. The first category had three subcategories including empathy, altruism, and helping in critical situations. The second category included the subcategories of the spiritual approach to care and respect for cultural aspects. The third category, concern for family members, had one subcategory: the need to consider the patient's family. Our findings may help to develop a comprehensive model in COVID-19 care according to which, in addition to routine patient care, nurses will consider concepts such as empathy, altruism, helping in critical situations, spirituality, cultural values, and the family's needs at the end of the patient's life.

Relationship Between Ischemic Heart Disease and Sexual Satisfaction.

AIM: Ischemic heart disease is a life-threatening condition. Considerable doubts exist over the effects of this disease on patients' sexual activity and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ischemic heart disease and sexual satisfaction. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, the convenience sample of 150 patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and 150 people without exposure it was drawn from Shahid Beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran. Sampling was performed from March to September 2014. We employed the Larson's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire for gathering the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, t-test and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The means of sexual satisfaction in patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and among the subjects without exposure it were 101.47±13.42 and 100.91±16.52, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sexual satisfaction. However, sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with gender and the use of cardiac medications (P value<0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of sexual satisfaction in patients with exposure ischemic heart disease is similar to the people without exposure it. Moreover, the men and the patients who do not receive cardiac medications have higher levels of sexual satisfaction. Nurses who are providing care to patients with ischemic heart disease need to pay closer attention to patient education about sexual issues.