ABSTRACT
The aorta is particularly damaged by Takayasu's arteritis (TA), a rare form of vasculitis. Chest discomfort, exhaustion, fever, elevated blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke can all result from this. Major intimal fibrosis with vascular constriction is the disease's hallmark; although anybody can have it, Asian females in their 20s or 30s seem to be most typically affected. The treatment of a 23-year-old Asian female with Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is discussed in this case study, along with her presentation. Before developing seizures, the patient first showed signs of left-sided weakness and facial droop. Ischemic infarcts and vasculopathy were detected by imaging. The patient fulfilled several American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for TA with a positive erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). During treatment, high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and neuroprotective measures were used. The patient's attentiveness and mobility improved despite early complications, such as vascular friability. This case illustrates the difficulties and effective treatment of neurovascular problems connected to TA.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The condition known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and vision problems due to brain swelling, which often can be seen in brain scans. While there have been some cases of PRES linked to conditions such autoimmune diseases and high blood pressure, we're sharing a unique case here. Our case involves severe kidney damage caused by idiopathic hemolytic anaemia. The patient also experienced loss of consciousness, seizures, and headache. Brain scans confirmed the signs of PRES. We managed to help the patient recover fully through careful treatment, including fluids, managing seizures, and transfusions. CASE DETAILS: Our patient was dealing with severe kidney damage from idiopathic hemolytic anaemia. They had episodes of loss of consciousness, seizures, and headaches. Brain scans showed that they had PRES. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: We found out that the patient had severe kidney damage because of hemolytic anaemia, and she also had PRES. We treated her by giving fluids, managing her seizures, and doing blood transfusions, along with other supportive care. CONCLUSIONS: With our treatment, the patient got better, her neurological symptoms improved, and her brain scans showed fewer signs of PRES. This case tells us something interesting - sometimes, anaemia can lead to rare neurological problems like PRES. We need to be aware of these possibilities to help patients better. Our successful treatment in this case emphasizes how important quick and comprehensive care can be for good outcomes.
ABSTRACT
This report presents a perplexing case involving a 16-year-old adolescent presenting with persistent upper abdominal pain and distention. The patient had no history of substance abuse or animal-related encounters. Clinical examination revealed abdominal tension, distention, and localized tenderness. Laboratory analysis indicated elevated white blood cell count, mildly reduced hemoglobin and platelet levels, and notably heightened amylase and lipase levels. Serum albumin displayed a minor decrease. Despite repeated consultations and ultrasound evaluations, the underlying cause remained elusive. Advanced imaging unveiled substantial abdominopelvic ascites, a shrunken pancreas with an expanded main duct, and thickening at the ileocecal junction. Ascitic fluid analysis unveiled hemorrhagic fluid with elevated cell and neutrophil counts. Notably, the fluid accumulation extended into the omental apron covering the intestines. Biopsy results ruled out malignancy and chronic infections. We diagnosed him as a case of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis presenting as hemorrhagic ascites. This case underscores the intricacies of diagnosing complex abdominal disorders. A comprehensive approach, involving multidisciplinary collaboration, rigorous diagnostic assessments, and meticulous patient evaluation, is essential for elucidating such challenging clinical scenarios.
ABSTRACT
When Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) is present in the water, food supply, or both, it leads to the rapid development of typhoid fever. Because lettuce is an ideal host for S. Typhi's survival, lettuce grown in animal manure can be the probable source of typhoid fever. Prompt identification and proper antibiotic treatment can lessen the burden of typhoid fever on the public health system. A male farmer, age 29, was admitted to our hospital with a serious major complaint of abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and runny diarrhea. The newly hospitalized patient had a 2-week history of high-grade fever, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, watery diarrhea, back pain, and generalized body aches. Blood culture is the most accurate test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Blood culture was positive and showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and other drugs. To cure the typhoid, 500 mg of ciprofloxacin was administered twice daily for 7 days. Pathogenic components, species that are infected, and host immunity all play a role in typhoid fever pathogenesis. Typhoid fever is common in underdeveloped countries due to tainted food or hazardous water sources. This report's main goals are to draw attention to the significance of food safety procedures and to the potential dangers of consuming raw vegetables.
ABSTRACT
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a specific type of duodenal obstruction marked by a blockage of the inferior part of the duodenum as a result of compression between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. Depletion of the mesenteric fatty pad causes this complication. In the current study, we describe a case of SMAS involving a 36-year-old lady who presented with postprandial pain, weight loss, and hematemesis. The patient was investigated for chronic pancreatitis, celiac disease, and intestinal tuberculosis due to a vague presentation, which yielded normal results. Subsequently, esophagogastroduodenostomy (EGD) was performed during a follow-up visit, which revealed erosive gastritis and antral inflammation. The patient was eventually given the go-ahead for a CT scan which led to the diagnosis of SMAS leading to erosive gastritis and distal duodenal obstruction.
ABSTRACT
In Pakistan, hemorrhagic diseases, including dengue and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), are common. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is challenging in the early stages of sickness owing to geographic overlap and early clinical similarities between the two disorders. A 35-year-old man who had previously experienced hematemesis and high-grade fever presented to our hospital. Despite receiving supportive care for a preliminary diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever, the patient's condition worsened. The results of the dengue IgM antibody test were negative. On the fourth day of admission, a qualitative polymerase chain reaction test for CCHF virus RNA was performed, and the result returned positive. All medical personnel and attendants who had contact with the patient had to receive ribavirin prophylaxis, which required significant investment in resources. Because CCHF can have long-term financial and health repercussions for contacts, including healthcare personnel in developing nations, it is essential to identify and treat it as soon as possible. It is necessary to keep track of dengue and CCHF cases more closely to develop predictors of disease diagnosis that are reasonably trustworthy, affordable, and quick. These predictors can aid in directing future choices regarding the care of similar situations. Ultimately, such an approach might result in improved cost control in environments with limited resources. Consideration should also be given to patients who receive ribavirin prophylaxis.
