ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bucket-handle meniscal tears are rare in geriatric patients. Displaced bucket-handle meniscal tears are usually treated operatively. Due to the rarity of these tears in elderly patients and conflicting evidence regarding the use of arthroscopy versus conservative treatment, it is valuable to report the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of these injuries in elderly patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a 71-year-old man who presented with an acute, displaced, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed right medial meniscal bucket-handle tear with mild effusion and no signs of degenerative joint disease. On physical examination, the patient was unable to fully extend the right leg due to locking of the knee. At 2-month follow-up, MRI showed mild degenerative changes and an anatomically reduced tear. At 6-month follow-up, the patient reported normal, pain-free knee function, and MRI showed the tear healing in anatomic position with minimal inferior surface changes and no effusion. He returned to his pain-free baseline level of physical activity. LITERATURE REVIEW: Upon review of the English literature, this 71-year-old patient is an exceptional case and one of the oldest patients reported to have sustained a displaced medial meniscal bucket-handle tear treated successfully with nonoperative means. Two reported cases of spontaneously reduced meniscal bucket-handle tears were found in the English literature, although both cases were seen in much younger males and involved the lateral meniscus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This case suggests that in elderly patients with displaced medial meniscus bucket-handle tears that reduce spontaneously, the physician can safely and efficaciously use conservative, nonoperative management to achieve restoration of baseline knee function and anatomic meniscal healing while avoiding the risks of arthroscopic surgery. Surgical intervention for reduction without repair may be an available option, but no literature is present to direct care; however, complete documentation as in the current case would be instructive. Katz et al have reported that physical therapy was as efficacious as surgical intervention, although the specific displaced bucket-handle tear was not reported.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Quadriceps tendon autografts have been used with success in adults and are becoming a popular graft option in pediatric patients because of size, decreased donor site morbidity, ease of harvest, and favorable biomechanical characteristics. However, little is known about the length and thickness of the quadriceps tendon in pediatric patients. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether quadriceps tendon length and thickness follow a predictable pattern of development based on height, weight, age, and body mass index in skeletally immature patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The height, weight, age, and sex of 151 children between 4 and 16 years old were recorded. Ultrasound measurements of the length and thickness of bilateral quadriceps tendons were performed by a single technician and recorded for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average quadriceps tendon length and thickness were 6.87 ± 1.49 cm and 0.37 ± 0.12 cm, respectively. Tendon length averaged 3.89 cm at age 4 years and 7.98 cm at 16 years, whereas thickness averaged 0.24 cm at 4 years and 0.40 cm at 16 years of age. There was no significant difference in tendon length or thickness between males and females (P = .97). Tendon length and thickness increased significantly with age, weight, and height (P < .01 for all). CONCLUSION: The quadriceps tendon is of sufficient length and thickness to be used as an autograft for pediatric patients. The size of the graft is predictable using the age, height, and weight of the patient. Graft length and thickness can be easily confirmed using ultrasound.
