ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of inadequate sleep among adolescents is a significant worry due to its potential to adversely affect their health and academic performance. Addressing this matter necessitates a comprehensive grasp of the underlying factors influencing sleep regulation and the formulation of evidence-based interventions to counteract its detrimental consequences. Hence, the central objective of this study is to create and assess a dependable questionnaire designed to evaluate adolescents' self-regulation of sleep behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from 401 high school students randomly selected from west Iran were incorporated and subjected to psychometric assessments. The average age of the participants was 16.5 ± 0.92. Initially, 136 preliminary items were formulated, drawing from a contextual framework and comprehensive literature review. The subsequent steps involved specialized analyses, including content validity analysis, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as convergent validity analysis. Results: Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support a strong structural model, including factors like self-control, outcome expectation, goal setting, and self-efficacy, which are linked to regulating sleep behavior. The model fit was satisfactory. The instrument had 22 items which demonstrated good internal consistency, adequate test-retest reliability, and evidence of convergent validity. Conclusion: In future studies exploring sleep behavior, the present questionnaire, which has demonstrated initial validity and reliability, holds the potential to provide valuable assistance in evaluating and enhancing self-regulation in sleep behavior, particularly within school environments.
ABSTRACT
Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, owing to their unique properties. As the effect of CuNPs on the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 has not yet been studied, we investigated the toxicity and mechanism of action of these NPs in SW480 cells. MTT assay was performed to assess the effect of the particles on the viability of SW480 cells. The levels of oxidative stress were assessed after 24 h of treatment with CuNPs by evaluating the Reactive Oxygen Specious (ROS) production. The antioxidant enzyme activity was assessed using a colorimetric method. To investigate the effect of NPs on cellular apoptosis, Hoechst33258 staining was performed, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The MTT assay results showed that CuNPs inhibited the viability of SW480 cells. Moreover, the increase in ROS production at all three concentrations (31, 68, and 100 µg/ml) was significant. It has been observed that CuNPs lead to increased expression of Bax and p53, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Hoechst staining was performed to confirm apoptosis. In conclusion, the induction of apoptosis demonstrated the anticancer potential of the CuNPs.
Subject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms , Nanoparticles , Humans , Copper/pharmacology , Copper/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oxidative Stress , Apoptosis , Cell Line , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
In this exploration, we reported the design and synthesis of a novel ionically tagged magnetic nanoparticles bearing urea linkers, namely, Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3-urea-thiazole sulfonic acid chloride. The structure of the mentioned compound was fully characterized by using several techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, elemental mapping analysis, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. In the presence of the novel reusable catalyst, applied starting materials including aryl aldehydes, pyruvic acid, and 1-naphthylamine condensed to afford the desired 2-aryl-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives via an anomeric-based oxidation pathway under solvent-free conditions.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to accumulate research evidence that introduce validated scales to measure suicidal attitudes and ideation and provide an empirical framework for adopting a relevant assessment tool in studies on suicide and suicidal behaviors. METHODS: Medical Subject Headings' (MeSH) terms were used to search Ovid Medline, PROQUEST, Wiley online library, Science Direct and PubMed for the published articles in English that reported application of an scale to measure suicidal attitudes and ideation from January 1974 onward. RESULTS: Fourteen suicidal attitude scale and 15 scales for assessing suicidal ideation were identified in this systematic review. No gold standard approach was recognized to study suicide related attitudes and ideations. CONCLUSION: Special focus on generally agreed dimensions of suicidal ideation and attitudes and cross-cultural validation of the introduced scales to be applicable in different ethnic and socially diverse populations could be a promising area of research for scholars.
