ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation; however, research on people's satisfaction based on age is limited. This study assessed patient satisfaction with botulinum toxin injections for forehead, glabella, and periorbital wrinkles in Birjand, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study examined 150 people aged 18 to 70 who requested botulinum toxin type A injection in the forehead, glabellar, and periorbital area in 2022, who visited the plastic surgery clinic and the authors' offices in Birjand City. To check patients' satisfaction, Facial Lines Treatment Satisfaction (FTS) Questionnaire was used. One month after botulinum toxin type A injection, this questionnaire was completed by the clients. Also, the brand type of botulinum toxin, age, gender of the clients, frequency of visits, and complications were collected in the relevant checklist. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 38.8 ± 8.29 years with 73.3% being female. Masport botulinum toxin (MasoonDarou Pharmaceutical Company, I.R. Iran) was the most frequently used botulinum toxin brand at 66.7%. The average satisfaction score with the result of botulinum toxin injection in the forehead/glabella and periorbital area, in the age group under 30 years and 30-40 years, was significantly higher than in the age group over 50 years. The same indicators in the age group under 30 years old were significantly higher than in the 30-40 age group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, brand selection and the number of visits (first-time vs. second-time clients) demonstrated varied outcomes in satisfaction. There was a total of 62.7% side effects postinjection, with varying degrees of severity.
Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Cosmetic Techniques , Neuromuscular Agents , Patient Satisfaction , Rejuvenation , Skin Aging , Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Skin Aging/drug effects , Young Adult , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Aged , Age Factors , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Agents/adverse effects , Adolescent , Iran , Face , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Forehead , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The present study was performed to investigate the factors related to the expression level of estrogen and progesterone receptor in patients with colorectal cancer. Material and Methods. This crosssectional study was performed on 54 patients suffering from colorectal cancer referring to Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand during 2018-2019. After the biopsy performed during surgery, the specimen was sent for immunohistochemistry, and the status of receptors was determined. Eventually, the data were analyzed by SPSS 22. RESULTS: Out of the 54 patients studied, 64.8% were male. The mean age of the patients was 62.28 ± 14.03 years. The level of expression of beta-estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors had a significant relationship with age, consuming drugs of abuse, and familial history (P = 0.001). Also, the level of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors of patients with a more advanced stage of cancer was significantly lower (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The extent of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors affects the progression and prognosis of disease. Thus, through hormone therapy, a step can be taken to reduce the progression and even to treat colorectal cancer.
