ABSTRACT
Objective of this article is to appraise diagnostic aspects and treatment modalities in childhood ovarian tumor in background of available evidence. Literature search on Pubmed revealed various aspects of epidemiology, histopathological diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric ovarian tumor. 85 % of childhood tumors are germ cell tumors. The varied histopathological picture in germ cell tumors poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Immunohistochemistry and newer genetic markers like SALL4 and karyopherin-2 (KPNA2) have been helpful in differentiating ovarian yolk sac tumor from dysgerminoma, teratomas, and other pictures of hepatoid, endometrioid, clear cell carcinomatous, and adenocarcinomatous tissues with varied malignant potential. Before platinum therapy, these tumors were almost fatal in children. Fertility-conserving surgery with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin has dramatically changed the survival rates in these patients. This modality gives cancer cure with healthy offspring to female patients with childhood ovarian tumor. Evidence also supports this protocol resulting in successful pregnancy rates and safety of cytotoxic drugs in children born to these patients.
ABSTRACT
A 30-year-old male was admitted with bilateral painful breast enlargement of 6 months duration. There was a past history of surgery for similar bilateral swellings, which was then diagnosed as fibrocystic disease. On examination both breasts were firm to hard, tender & adherent to deeper structures. A single axillary lymph node was palpable on each side. The clinical diagnosis was sarcoma of the breast. After initial denial, the patient confessed to having injected gear oil into both the breasts,for the purpose of augmentation. He was a homosexual.
Subject(s)
Breast Diseases/pathology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/pathology , Industrial Oils/toxicity , Adult , Breast Diseases/etiology , Breast Diseases/psychology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/psychology , Homosexuality, Male , Humans , Male , Self-Injurious Behavior/pathology , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychologyABSTRACT
A 12-year-old male child born of non-consanguineous parents presented with multiple skin lesions, hoarseness of voice, and episodes of epilepsy since early childhood. The findings of characteristic beaded eyelid margins, patchy alopecia of the scalp, hoarseness of voice, and epilepsy were consistent with a rare clinical diagnosis, lipoid proteinosis. Skin biopsies obtained from representative skin lesions were subjected to histology and electron microscopy. Light microscopy demonstrated PAS-positive diastase-resistant material in the papillary dermis of skin. Ultrastructure revealed granulo-filamentary aspect of the accumulated material. Although this rare autosomal recessive disorder has been described in the literature, its occurrence is rare in India.
Subject(s)
Alopecia/etiology , Epilepsy/etiology , Hoarseness/etiology , Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe/complications , Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe/pathology , Skin/pathology , Tongue/pathology , Alopecia/pathology , Child , Head , Humans , India , Male , Neck , Skin/ultrastructureABSTRACT
During the past 2 decades, tuberculosis--both pulmonary and extrapulmonary--has re-emerged as a major health problem worldwide. Nasal tuberculosis--either primary or secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis or facial lupus--is rare, but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal granulomas. We describe a case of primary nasal tuberculosis in an adult male who presented with a polypoid lesion in one nasal cavity. The diagnosis was based on histopathology and the patient's successful response to antituberculous drug treatment. Given the rising incidence of tuberculosis, it is prudent that otolaryngologists remain cognizant of this infection as a potential cause of unusual lesions in the head and neck.
