ABSTRACT
Pomegranate fruit peel is a great source of natural polyphenols. The objective of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of pomegranate peel infusion (PPI) on growth characteristics, feed efficiency, blood metabolites and antioxidant profile of broiler chicken. A total of 200 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds. Pomegranate peel infusion was supplemented in drinking water to 3 treatment groups in a graded dose. At the end of the trial (42 days), 2 broiler chickens from each pen were sampled for serum and liver tissue. Results revealed that low-dose (50 mL/L) PPI influenced (L: P < 0.001) final body weight, daily body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Quadratic effect (Q: P < 0.001) was found in overall body weight, average daily gain in body weight, and average daily feed intake. It was also observed that PPI had significant (L: P < 0.05) hypo-lipidaemic effect. PPI supplementation reduced (L: P < 0.01) lipid peroxidation in all supplemented birds. Reduced glutathione and catalase in the liver tissue was also increased linearly (L: P < 0.05) by PPI supplementation, suggesting that natural polyphenols present in the PPI can stimulate antioxidant defence system. Thus, it could be concluded that low-dose supplementation of pomegranate peel infusion could be of great benefits in broiler chickens as a source of natural antioxidants.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Chickens/growth & development , Chickens/metabolism , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Pomegranate/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Fruit/chemistry , Male , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Random AllocationABSTRACT
We investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-type ß-lactamase (ACBL) producing quinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in milk samples of apparently healthy buffaloes (n = 348) and buffaloes (n = 19) with evidence of subclinical mastitis from seven districts of West Bengal, India. In total, 12 ESBL producing KP were isolated with blaCTX-M-15 gene and 7 of them were ACBL producers, as well. The blaCTX-M-15 genes were carried by transposable element ISEcp1. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes-qnrS, qnrA, qnrB, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in five, one, three, four, and one isolate (s), respectively. In addition, eight isolates carried mutation in gyrase (gyrA) and six in topoisomerase IV (parC). Resistance markers/genes for sulfonamide (sul1), tetracycline [tet(A) and tet(B)], and aminoglycoside (aacC2) were also detected in eight, four, and one isolate(s), respectively. The class I integrons identified in five isolates carried aad2/aad5 and dfrA12/dfrA17 gene cassettes. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR revealed that all the isolates were genetically diverse and comprised a heterogeneous population. Isolation of multidrug-resistant KP, a typical nosocomial pathogen from buffalo milk, reiterates the need to monitor farm animals for ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and emphasizes on judicious use of antibiotics in animal husbandry sector.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Buffaloes/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Milk/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Female , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , India , Integrons/genetics , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Plasmids/genetics , Quinolones/pharmacologyABSTRACT
AIM: The present study was carried out to compare the associated role of micro minerals and hormones in repeat breeding animals with the normal crossbred cows. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 10 normal cycling and 10 repeat breeding crossbred cows of Ramakrishna Mission Ashram, Narendrapur to study the plasma mineral profile and hormonal activities. RESULTS: Zn was found to be highly significant (p<0.01) between the two groups. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone showed significant (p<0.05) difference in repeat breeding animal from the normal cyclic animal, whereas no significant differences were observed in Ca, P, Cu, Se, Co, luteinizing hormone and estradiol level. CONCLUSION: It may conclude that repeat breeding condition of crossbred cows in farm condition is mainly due to the low level of progesterone, FSH and zinc.
