Factores psicosociales que inciden en la asistencia, permanencia y finalización de los estudios secundarios en madres adolescentes / Psychosocial factors influencing the assistance, permanence and finalization of the secondary studies in adolescents mothers

INTRODUCCIÓN La Escuela Secundaria N°2 de la ciudad de Tandil, en la provincia de Buenos Aires, se destaca en el ámbito local porque cuenta desde 2011 con una sala maternal para los niños de las adolescentes madres. OBJETIVOS Explorar ­tanto en su componente individual como social y programático­ cuáles son los factores psicosociales que inciden en la asistencia, permanencia y finalización de los estudios secundarios de las adolescentes madres que concurren a la institución mencionada. MÉTODOS Se realizó una investigación exploratoria con una metodología de carácter cualitativo. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y coordinación de talleres reflexivos como técnica para obtener datos de las adolescentes madres. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el período comprendido entre mayo de 2014 y abril de 2015. RESULTADOS Desde el punto de vista del sentido de pertenencia, la maternidad no representa un problema para las adolescentes que llevan a sus hijos a la sala de la Escuela Secundaria N°2 de Tandil, pese a no haber sido embarazos planificados. Lo que sí las preocupa son otros factores significativos, como conflictos con la pareja, falta de apoyo familiar y dificultades económicas. Todas coinciden en que por momentos se sienten solas y sobrecargadas en los cuidados y crianza de sus hijos, lo que se convierte en uno de los mayores conflictos en sus vidas. En este sentido, la sala maternal representa para ellas un espacio de contención en el cuidado de sus hijos, una guía en pautas de crianza y la posibilidad de continuar con sus estudios. DISCUSIÓN La incidencia de la sala maternal durante el tramo educativo es altamente significativa, pero no determinante. Son las jóvenes madres que cuentan con apoyo familiar las que con mayor facilidad logran asistir, permanecer y culminar sus estudios, mientras que a aquellas con menor respaldo se les hace muy dificultoso sostener la escolaridad.

Raman spectra of ammonia borane: low frequency lattice modes.

We have measured the Raman spectrum of ammonia borane at low temperature (T = 15 K) and across the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition at T = 225 K. A comprehensive study of the low frequency lattice modes using Raman spectroscopy has been carried out. Data analysis has been complemented by a density functional theory calculation of which the results have been used for a detailed assignment of the Raman active modes. The analysis of the spectroscopic measurements taken across the phase transition seems to be consistent with the increasing orientational disorder of the molecular components and seems to be compatible with the equalization of the a and b lattice constants characteristic of the tetragonal phase.

Raman and inelastic neutron scattering study on a melt-infiltrated composite of NaAlH4 and nanoporous carbon.

Inelastic neutron scattering and Raman scattering spectra of a melt-infiltrated composite of NaAlH(4) and active carbon fibers have been measured at low temperature for two sample conditions: as prepared and subjected to hydrogen desorption-absorption cycling. After a careful data analysis, the present experimental results have been compared to the corresponding spectroscopic data taken from bulk NaAlH(4) and Na(3)AlH(6). Evident signatures induced by infiltration process onto the NaAlH(4) phonon bands have been detected, showing up as a strong peak broadening and smoothing together with, in some cases, an energy shift. Traces of Na(3)AlH(6), appearing as an extra intensity between 130 and 200 meV, seem also confirmed. A substantial agreement between neutron and Raman measurements has been found for the as-prepared melt-infiltrated sample, while for the cycled sample the two techniques produced rather dissimilar results. However, this apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the different penetration depths of the two spectroscopic probes. Further work, both experimental and based on ab initio simulations, is surely needed in order to rationalize the finding of the present measurements.

Temperature behavior of the AlH3 polymorph by in situ investigation using high resolution Raman scattering.

A Raman investigation of the AlH(3) polymorph has been carried out at a low temperature (20 K) under helium atmosphere (2 bar). The pristine material was composed of three polymorphs, namely, the α, ß, and γ phases. The ß phase has been removed by warming the sample to 70 °C, while further heating at 100 °C was used to remove the γ phase. This allowed us to evidence, on a purely experimental basis, the characteristic Raman spectrum for each phase. Raman spectra, for the three phases, have been also calculated using density functional theory, and the results have been compared to the present experimental data, allowing for a univocal assignment, to each phase, of its characteristic spectral features.

High resolution Raman and neutron investigation of Mg(BH4)2 in an extensive temperature range.

Raman spectra of Mg(BH(4))(2) have been measured in an extensive temperature range, from 15 to 473 K. Taking into account the high temperature conversion from the alpha to the beta phase, we have observed evident signatures of this phase transition and determined the Raman vibrational spectrum of each phase. The neutron scattering spectra of the beta phase sample were also recorded. The present experimental results have been compared to the density functional theory calculations available in the literature, and a substantial agreement has been found.

An apparatus for simultaneous thermodynamic and optical measurements, with large temperature excursions.

We report the design and realization of an integrated system for measuring, at the same time, the thermodynamic and spectroscopic features of nanoporous materials interesting for hydrogen storage purposes. The whole investigation cycle, from thermal activation to the actual investigation of uptake and release of hydrogen, is carried out in the same vacuum tight vessel, equipped with an optical window, whose temperature can range between 10 and 750 K, up to a maximum pressure of 50 bars. The system has been designed to investigate properties of carbon nanotubes but its use can be extended to any kind of nanoporous sample such as, for example, carbon nanofibers, zeolytes, metal organic frameworks, and similar materials.