Caracterização molecular de estafilococos isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica e ordenhadores / Molecular characterization of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis and milking workers

Mastitis Test CMT e nove suabes de mão de ordenhadores, de nove propriedades rurais situadas no Município de Jataí, GO. Das amostras coletadas (163 de leite e 9 de suabes de mão), foram identificadas 83 linhagens do gênero Staphylococcus spp., sendo S. aureus (31), S. saprophyticus (29), S. xylosus (17), S. epidermidis (4) e S. intermedius (2). No presente estudo, 35 perfis foram gerados de 83 amostras de Staphylococcus e o perfil IA (64,5%) de S. aureus, IS (44,8%) de S. saprophyticus, VX (35,3%) de S. xylosus e IIE (50%) de S. epidermidis foram os mais prevalentes. Houve predominância de um tipo entre os isolados de S. aureus nos rebanhos. Cepas idênticas foram encontradas em diferentes animais de uma mesma propriedade, assim como houve identidade genética entre cepa oriunda da mão do ordenhador e do animal. Assim, nossos dados mostraram que há variabilidade entre os isolados, mas também similaridade genética de algumas cepas concentradas em determinados locais. A similaridade genética pode compreender um complexo de clones relacionados, sugerindo relação de contaminação e transferência cruzada entre as cepas de origem humana e animal.(AU)

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS AND MILKING WORKERS. Bacteria isolated for this study were derived from 96 cows(163quarters positive for theCaliforniaMastitis Test(CMT) and 9 swabs taken from the hands of milking staff, on 9 farmsin the municipality ofJataí, state of Goiás, Brazil.Of the samplescollected(163 from milkand 9swabstaken from hands)83strainsof the genusStaphylococcus spp. were identified: S.aureus(31), S. saprophyticus(29), S. xylosus(17), S. epidermidis(4), S. intermedius(2).In this study, 35 profiles were generated from 83samples of Staphylococcus, and profile IA(64.5%) of S. aureus,IS(44.8%) of S. Saprophyticus,VX(35.3%) of S. xylosus and IIE (50%) of S. epidermidis were the most prevalent. There was a predominance of one type among isolates of S. aureusin herds.Identicalstrains were found in different animals of the same farm,as well as genetic identity between the strain isolated from the hand of the milker and the animal. Thus, our data showed thatthere is variability among isolates, but also genetic similarity of some strains concentrated in certain locations.Thegenetic similaritymay comprise acomplex ofrelatedclones, suggesting a relationship of cross-contamination and transfer among strains of human and animal origin.(AU)

Caracterização molecular de estafilococos isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica e ordenhadores

Bacteria isolated for this study were derived from 96c ows (163 quarters positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and 9 swabs taken from the hands of milking staff, on 9 farms in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás, Brazil. Of the samples collected (163 from milk and 9 swabs taken from hands) 83 strains of the genus Staphylococcus spp. were identified: S. aureus (31), S. saprophyticus (29), S. xylosus (17), S. epidermidis (4), S. intermedius (2).In this study,35 profiles were generated from 83 samples of Staphylococcus, and profile IA (64.5%) of S. aureus, IS (44.8%) of S. Saprophyticus, VX (35.3%) of S. xylosus and IIE (50%) of S. epidermidis were the most prevalent. There was a predominance of one type among isolates of S. aureus in herds. Identical strains were found in different animals of the same farm, as well as genetic identity between the strain isolated from the hand of the milker and the animal. Thus, our data showed that there is variability among isolates, but also genetic similarity of some strains concentrated in certain locations. The genetic similarity may comprise a complex of related clones, suggesting a relationship of cross-contamination and transfer among strains of human and animal origin.

As bactérias isoladas para o estudo foram oriundas de 96 vacas (163 tetos positivos no California Mastitis Test - CMT e nove suabes de mão de ordenhadores, de nove propriedades rurais situadas no Município de Jataí, GO. Das amostras coletadas (163 de leite e 9 de suabes de mão), foram identificadas 83 linhagens do gênero Staphylococcus spp., sendo S. aureus (31), S. saprophyticus (29), S. xylosus (17), S. epidermidis (4) e S. intermedius (2). No presente estudo, 35 perfis foram gerados de 83 amostras de Staphylococcus e o perfil IA (64,5%) de S. aureus, IS (44,8%) de S. saprophyticus, VX (35,3%) de S. xylosus e IIE (50%) de S. epidermidis foram os mais prevalentes. Houve predominância de um tipo entre os isolados de S. aureus nos rebanhos. Cepas idênticas foram encontradas em diferentes animais de uma mesma propriedade, assim como houve identidade genética entre cepa oriunda da mão do ordenhador e do animal. Assim, nossos dados mostraram que há variabilidade entre os isolados, mas também similaridade genética de algumas cepas concentradas em determinados locais. A similaridade genética pode compreender um complexo de clones relacionados, sugerindo relação de contaminação e transferência cruzada entre as cepas de origem humana e animal.

Caracterização molecular de estafilococos isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica e ordenhadores / Molecular characterization of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis and milking workers

Mastitis Test – CMT e nove suabes de mão de ordenhadores, de nove propriedades rurais situadas no Município de Jataí, GO. Das amostras coletadas (163 de leite e 9 de suabes de mão), foram identificadas 83 linhagens do gênero Staphylococcus spp., sendo S. aureus (31), S. saprophyticus (29), S. xylosus (17), S. epidermidis (4) e S. intermedius (2). No presente estudo, 35 perfis foram gerados de 83 amostras de Staphylococcus e o perfil IA (64,5%) de S. aureus, IS (44,8%) de S. saprophyticus, VX (35,3%) de S. xylosus e IIE (50%) de S. epidermidis foram os mais prevalentes. Houve predominância de um tipo entre os isolados de S. aureus nos rebanhos. Cepas idênticas foram encontradas em diferentes animais de uma mesma propriedade, assim como houve identidade genética entre cepa oriunda da mão do ordenhador e do animal. Assim, nossos dados mostraram que há variabilidade entre os isolados, mas também similaridade genética de algumas cepas concentradas em determinados locais. A similaridade genética pode compreender um complexo de clones relacionados, sugerindo relação de contaminação e transferência cruzada entre as cepas de origem humana e animal.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS AND MILKING WORKERS. Bacteria isolated for this study were derived from 96 cows(163quarters positive for theCaliforniaMastitis Test(CMT) and 9 swabs taken from the hands of milking staff, on 9 farmsin the municipality ofJataí, state of Goiás, Brazil.Of the samplescollected(163 from milkand 9swabstaken from hands)83strainsof the genusStaphylococcus spp. were identified: S.aureus(31), S. saprophyticus(29), S. xylosus(17), S. epidermidis(4), S. intermedius(2).In this study, 35 profiles were generated from 83samples of Staphylococcus, and profile IA(64.5%) of S. aureus,IS(44.8%) of S. Saprophyticus,VX(35.3%) of S. xylosus and IIE (50%) of S. epidermidis were the most prevalent. There was a predominance of one type among isolates of S. aureusin herds.Identicalstrains were found in different animals of the same farm,as well as genetic identity between the strain isolated from the hand of the milker and the animal. Thus, our data showed thatthere is variability among isolates, but also genetic similarity of some strains concentrated in certain locations.Thegenetic similaritymay comprise acomplex ofrelatedclones, suggesting a relationship of cross-contamination and transfer among strains of human and animal origin.

Use of fibrin glue derived from snake venom in the repair of deep corneal ulcers: experimental study in dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758)

Fibrin glue has been researched as an alternative method for tissue synthesis and is known for its capability to promote hemostasis at the application site, good approximation of wound edges and fast healing. The current study consisted in the application of fibrin glue derived from snake venom as treatment for experimental corneal ulcers. Twenty-one dogs had their corneas experimentally prepared through lamellar keratectomy (of standardized diameter and depth). Animals were divided into seven groups of three animals each. Six experimental groups were periodically evaluated and collection was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th, 30th and 60th post-operative days, whereas one control group was evaluated throughout the experiment. Analyses consisted in the clinical evolution and in the histopathological study of all operated on eyes. Results indicated that fibrin glue was efficient in repairing keratectomy wounds in dogs and contributed to an earlier healing phenomenon, avoiding edema formation and keeping corneal clearness. The use of fibrin glue derived from snake venom showed to be easy to apply, feasible with animal models and of low cost, avoiding the lesion progress and allowing fast and appropriate corneal healing.

The evaluation of clotting time in bovine thrombin, reptilase©, and thrombin-like fraction of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom using bovine, equine, ovine, bubaline and human cryoprecipitates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the thrombin-like fraction of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, Reptilase©, and bovine thrombin of fibrinogen polls on bovine, equine, ovine, bubaline and human cryoprecipitates. The authors also made a comparative study between animal and human cryoprecipitates to see if there was any possibility of future use in medicine. Fibrinogen levels in cryoprecipitate were studied using 48 blood samples obtained as follows: 12 samples from humans, 9 from bovine, 10 from equine, 10 from ovine and 7 from bubaline. The results obtained showed average levels of 375.50 mg per cent for humans, 218.33 mg per cent for bovine, 240.80 mg per cent for equine, 267.70 mg per cent for ovine and 664.00 mg per cent for bubaline. Upon the formation of pools of human and animals fibrinogens, the following results were obtained: 435 mg per cent for humans, 444 mg per cent for bovine, 337 mg per cent por equine, 390 mg per cent for ovine and 530 mg per cent for bubaline. Statistical analysis (using the analysis of variance for entirely randomized experiment for the calculation of F statistics) demonstrated that the bubaline fibrinogen level was higher than that of human, and both were higher than those of ovine, equine, and bovine. Clotting times were determined using different dilutions of bovine thrombin, thrombin-like fraction of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, and Reptilase©. Comparing these clotting times, results for human and bovine were found to be very similar, whereas using equine, ovine and bubaline the results above a dilution of 1:3 were markedly different. The results obtained permitted the following conclusions to be drawn show that: 1) bovine thrombin presented better interactivity with fibrinogen extracted both from human and bovine cryoprecipitates; 2) there was similar behavior when bovine thrombin was substituted for Reptilase© and for the thrombin-like fraction of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom; 3) cryoprecipitate from bovine can, in special circumstances, substitute human cryoprecipitate in medical practice; 4) human and bovine cryoprecipitates can be used with both Reptilase© and Crotalus durissus terrificus fractions using a dilution up to 1:5; 5) the use of bovine cryoprecipitate can be recomended using either bovine thrombin, Reptilase©, or thrombin-like fraction of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom.