ABSTRACT
In routine electroencephalography, the likelihood of detecting existing abnormality, the quality of the interpretation, and the rate at which clinically correlated, standardized findings can be accumulated are greatly affected by the selection of electrode placements and the choice of montages. The Universal APEEGE System offers many practical advantages in comparison to the International 10-20 System. Extensive testing suggests that use of the Universal APEEGE System permits improved quality control and greater laboratory efficiency. It is hoped that the introduction of a new approach will stimulate healthy scientific competition and spur increasingly objective research and development in routine electroencephalography.
Subject(s)
Electrodes , Electroencephalography/methods , Brain/physiology , HumansABSTRACT
A convenient, low cost microfiche system for the random access, storage and retrieval of EEG data is described. Some of the more important advantages of microfilm in an EEG laboratory are: enormous data reductions; reduced operating costs; simplified records handling; improved communications between electroencephalographers; and access to an expanding number of inexpensive publications and reference materials.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography/instrumentation , Microfilming/instrumentation , HumansABSTRACT
Thirty-two adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were randomized to receive, from the time of diagnosis, either chemotherapy alone (C group) or chemotherapy plus Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) (C+I group). After remission induction and consolidation, chemotherapy was stopped in both groups but BCG was continued in the C+I group. The overall survival of the C+I group was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). There was no significant increase in the duration of first remission in the C+I group (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) nor in the time from first relapse to death (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). There was no significant difference in the incidence of first or second remissions, and the time taken to enter remission did not differ significantly between the two groups. Comparison with the results of other trials suggests that the use of maintenance chemotherapy in addition to immunotherapy produces longer remissions. Five patients in the C group developed leukaemic central-nervous-system (CSN) involvement, in comparison with none in the C+I group. CNS relapse did not produce a significant decrease in remission length (P greater than 0.1) but reduction in survival after CNS relapse was highly significant (P = 0.001). These results suggest that administration of BCG from an early stage in the treatment of AML may protect the CNS against leukaemic infiltration and therefore serve as a simple, innocuous form of CNS prophylaxis.
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control , Central Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Remission, Spontaneous , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Two cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are reported, both of which lost the Philadelphia chromosome during remission. In one patient remission of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia continued but classical Ph1 positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia developed. In the other patient relapse of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia occurred associated with the return of the Ph1 chromosome. The evidence suggests that the chromosome aberration occurred in a pluripotential stem cell, which in one case proliferated along both a lymphoid cell line and a myeloid cell line. Both cases responded well to conventional therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y , Leukemia, Lymphoid/ultrastructure , Adult , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/complications , Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Traumatic rupture of the spleen is a well known problem, complicating many types of abdominal injury. In contrast, a spontaneous rupture is a rare occurrence, mainly associated with a large spleen resulting from infections, the most common in this country being infectious mononucleosis. It is also a rare complication of leukaemias and lymphomas and the case presented here demonstrates a peculiar diagnostic problem.
