ABSTRACT
Background: there is concern that there are insufficient numbers of geriatricians to meet the needs of the ageing population. A 2005 survey described factors that influenced why UK geriatricians had chosen to specialise in the field-in the decade since, UK postgraduate training has undergone a fundamental restructure. Objective: to explore whether the reasons for choosing a career in geriatric medicine in the UK had changed over time, with the goal of using this knowledge to inform recruitment and training initiatives. Design: an online survey was sent to all UK higher medical trainees in geriatric medicine. Methods: survey questions that produced categorical data were analysed with simple descriptive statistics. For the survey questions that produced free-text responses, an inductive, iterative approach to analysis, in keeping with the principles of framework analysis, was employed. Results: two hundred and sixty-nine responses were received out of 641 eligible respondents. Compared with the previous survey, a substantially larger number of respondents regarded geriatric medicine to be their first-choice specialty and a smaller number regretted their career decision. A greater number chose geriatric medicine early in their medical careers. Commitments to the general medical rota and the burden of service provision were considered important downsides to the specialty. Conclusions: there are reasons to be optimistic about recruitment to geriatric medicine. Future attempts to drive up recruitment might legitimately focus on the role of the medical registrar and perceptions that geriatricians shoulder a disproportionate burden of service commitments and obligations to the acute medical take.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Career Choice , Education, Medical, Graduate , Geriatricians/education , Geriatrics/education , Emotions , Geriatricians/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , United KingdomABSTRACT
Addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) to baby foods may protect infants from disease. As many simple HMOs are fucosylated this is likely to increase the demand for L-fucose as a synthetic building block. Any chemical synthesis must be cheap to compete with a biotechnological process. Acetonide is the only protecting group we have used in this new synthesis of L-fucose from vitamin C in 27% overall yield (purification by recrystallization; no chromatography required in the entire sequence).
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/chemistry , Fucose/chemistry , Milk, Human/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Fucose/chemical synthesis , Humans , Infant , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
A convenient synthesis of carbanucleosides, with both enantiomers equally accessible, is reported. The key step is a tandem linchpin cyclization process to give access to substituted carbafuranose derivatives having the correct relative stereochemistry for subsequent nucleobase introduction with inversion of configuration at C1. This was illustrated by the synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxycarbathymidine via a convergent nucleobase introduction and of 2',3'-dideoxy-6'-hydroxycarbauridine via a linear nucleobase introduction. Both methods relied on Mitsunobu chemistry, and the first example of the Mukaiyama modification of the Mitsunobu reaction involving nucleobases as nucleophiles is reported.
Subject(s)
Chemistry, Organic/methods , Nucleotides/chemistry , Nucleotides/chemical synthesis , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Cyclization , Furans/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
[reactions: see text] A concise synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives via a Brook rearrangement mediated stereoselective linchpin cyclization reaction involving tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1,3-dithianyllithium and homochiral 1,4-bis-epoxides is described.
