ABSTRACT
Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has considerably increased the life expectancy of patients infected with HIV. Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of mortality in patients infected with HIV. This is primarily attributed to their increased survival, HAART-induced metabolic derangements, and to HIV itself. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in HIV is both multifactorial and complex - involving direct endothelial injury and dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and a significant contribution from traditional cardiac risk factors. The advent of HAART has since heralded a remarkable improvement in outcomes, but at the expense of other unforeseen issues. It is thus of paramount importance to swiftly recognize and manage acute coronary syndromes in HIV-infected patients to attenuate adverse complications, which should translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/mortality , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Early Diagnosis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Life Expectancy , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most common travel-related illness, and it can have a significant impact on the traveler. Pretravel consultation provides an excellent opportunity for the clinician to counsel the traveler and discuss strategies such as food and water hygiene, vaccinations, and medications for prophylaxis or self-treatment that may decrease the incidence and impact of TD. Postinfectious sequelae, such as postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, reactive arthritis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, may develop weeks or months after return.
