ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to investigate the feasibility of treating liquid dairy wastes by a vertical bed equipped with an innovative passive aeration system. The vertical bed (32 liter) was operated by recirculating consecutive batches of liquid waste in the column. Batches of liquid waste were applied at two different rates: 1) each batch was recirculated for 72 hours, and 2) each batch was recirculated for 24 hours. Settled liquid dairy wastes (5000 mg l(-1) COD, 2000 mg l(-1) BOD and 2500 mg l(-1) TSS) were used in the experiments. When the reactor operated with each batch recirculating for 72 hours, the BOD and COD reduction were 66% and 40%, respectively. The vertical bed operated successfully without the need for an additional rest period. The main removal was observed to take place during the first 20 hours. No biomass or solids accumulation was observed indicating that the remaining 52 hours of recirculation were actually used for bed regeneration, i.e. integrated rest period. When the reactor operated with each batch recirculating for 24 hours, the system clogged after 21 days. An additional 24 day rest period was needed in order to free 94% of the initial void space. In this mode, the BOD and COD reduction were 67% and 47%, respectively. The overall COD removal in a complete operational cycle (feeding period followed by a rest period) was 467 g COD m(-3) d(-1) (996 g COD m(-2) d(-1)). This value is 1.4 higher than the COD removal obtained in the 72 hour per batch mode and shows the advantage of conventional vertical bed operation of intensive feeding followed by rest period rather than a rest period integrated into the feeding cycle.
Subject(s)
Dairying , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Air Movements , Animals , Cattle , Equipment Design , Water MovementsABSTRACT
The absorption and activity of orally and rectally administered streptokinase was investigated. No difference was found between the levels of plasminogen activators and antistreptokinase antibodies before and after oral or rectal administration of streptokinase-streptodornase (Varidase), nor was there any difference in the hematoma resorption times between patients treated with oral streptokinase and a control group. We found no evidence of streptokinase absorption or increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma after oral or rectal administration in our patients.
Subject(s)
Streptokinase/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Hematoma/drug therapy , Humans , Intestinal Absorption , Plasminogen Activators/blood , Rectum , Serum Globulins/metabolism , Streptokinase/immunology , Streptokinase/metabolism , SuppositoriesABSTRACT
A 44-year-old man developed aseptic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. He recovered but 3 months later presented a clinical and laboratory picture of pituitary insufficiency. After 3 years of hormonal replacement therapy, he was in good physical condition.
Subject(s)
Cavernous Sinus , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/complications , Adult , Humans , Hypopituitarism/diagnosis , Male , Running , Sports MedicineABSTRACT
A simple screening method for determining the fibrinolytic activity of plasma is described. A streptokinase activated system is used, which measures the result of the interplay of all components of the fibrinolytic system with the exception of activators, which are added in excess. Mean lysis time and standard deviation with this method is 6.9 +/- 1.4 min. The sensitivity of the method in detecting minor delays in clot lysis time is demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Tests/methods , Fibrinolysis , Streptokinase , Fibrinogen/pharmacology , Fibrinolysis/drug effects , Humans , Plasminogen/pharmacology , Streptokinase/pharmacology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The term "effective activator" of plasminogen is proposed, to denote the resultant of activator-antiactivator interaction, and a method for the determination of the level of these activators is described. By adding axcess plasminogen to the euglobulin fraction of plasma the influence of the level of endogenous plasminogen and of the antiplasmin is eliminated. It is shown that the level of fibrinogen has very little bearing on the results. An effective activator unit is defined as equal to 1 CTA unit of urokinase activity on a fibrinogen-plasminogen substrate.
Subject(s)
Plasminogen Activators/analysis , Fibrinogen/analysis , Humans , Methods , Serum GlobulinsABSTRACT
A systematic investigation of the fibrinolytic system during the period after acute myocardial infarction in 42 patients showed a progressive reduction of fibrinolytic activity, with the longest lysis times on days 4 to 5 after the event. There is a concomitant rise in the levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and antiplasmin; only the latter parallels the delay in lysis. After 12 to 15 months, normal lysis times and fibrinogen levels were found in 24 patients re-examined. It is concluded that the reduced fibrinolytic activity in these patients was a transient phenomenon after myocardial infarction.
