ABSTRACT
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are devices for generating a nicotine aerosol by heating the tobacco sticks. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of HTP and tobacco cigarette usage among medical students, (2) to characterize smoking habits and (3) to assess students' awareness and opinions about HTPs. A cross-sectional survey on the frequency and attitudes toward cigarettes, e-cigarettes and HTP use was performed between 2019-2020 at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland). The data were obtained from 1344 students aged 21.8 ± 1.9 years (response rate: 66.9%). Current traditional tobacco use was 13.2%, e-cigarettes use 3.5%, and HTP use 2.8% of students. Duration of use was shorter among HTPs users comparing to cigarette smokers (p < 0.001) although the number of tobacco sticks used daily was similar (p = 0.1). Almost 30% of respondents have ever tried HTPs. HTPs were considered safe by 5.3% of respondents (43.2% of HTP users vs. 3.9% of non-HTP users, p < 0.001). HTP users were more likely to report that heating tobacco is not addictive (odds ratio (OR) = 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8-45.8) and disagreed with a public ban on HTP use (OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 2.5-9.8). Among students, HTP use was less popular than cigarette smoking, but awareness of their presence is widespread.
Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Students, Medical , Tobacco Products , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Perception , Poland , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
In the present study we examined the effects of menadione, a redox cycling agent, on structural changes of human osteosarcoma line 143B cells. It has been previously reported that menadione can cause necrotic or apoptotic cell death in a concentration- depending manner. In our experimental model, cells were treated with 100 microM menadione for 24 hours. Using electron microscopy technique cells carrying three kinds of morphological changes were detected: necrotic cells, apoptotic cells and those demonstrating a co-existence of apoptotic and necrotic features in one single cell.
Subject(s)
Antifibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Vitamin K 3/pharmacology , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Microscopy, Electron , Necrosis , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/ultrastructure , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathologyABSTRACT
In the present study we have shown that quinolinic aromatic aminoxyls are very efficient in protecting lipids of endoplasmic reticulum membranes against hydroperoxide-induced oxidation. The efficacy of these aminoxyls as protectors of lipids was much higher than the water-soluble 4-OH-TEMPO. We have also shown that QAL causes distinct changes of the morphology of mitochondria: from filamentous to granular enlarged structure via the folding of the former. QAL induces also perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. C-QAL as well as 4-OH-TEMPO treated cells revealed filamentous and scattered pattern of mitochondria. Antioxidant activity of QAL as well as morphological changes of mitochondrial raise the possibility that this drug can affect cell physiology via changes of mitochondrial function.
