ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After 9 years of the ground-breaking social policy Law 1448 of 2011 -Victims Law- and its extension until 2030, the Colombian State and other stakeholders have made several efforts towards granting the right of integral reparation for more than 9 million victims that are recognized in the Colombian transitional context. Psychosocial rehabilitation is a Victims Law's reparation measure whose objective is to re-establish the psychosocial, physical and mental health welfare in the individual, familiar and community levels. This study aims to understand the experiences of psychosocial rehabilitation of women victims of armed conflict in Montes de Maria and the underlying social intervention paradigms that guide the Law's implementation. METHODS: Based on a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, narrative tools and thematic network analysis permitted to give voice to the women participants. Individual narrative interviews were conducted with 12 women victims and a focus group with eight of them was used as a triangulation strategy. RESULTS: Although the Victims Law is oriented by a sociopolitical intervention paradigm, the stories of the women's victims of Montes de María mainly evidenced non-sociopolitical interventions with humanitarian assistance towards revictimization and State abandonment. As a coping mechanism towards the State negligence encountered, women strive to overcome psychosocial trauma by developing agency and community resources for the resignification of the traumatic experiences and peacebuilding. CONCLUSIONS: For the Victims Law to achieve its integrality aim, the psychosocial approach should be implemented through all its measures but remains absent in Montes de Maria. The diversity of victim's individual and collective initiatives that were found, can contribute towards transformative and participatory psychosocial intervention with community's resources. Women victims can perform as advisors and collaborators in the implementation of individual and collective reparation, which remains as an opportunity for psychosocial rehabilitation and peacebuilding. Further monitoring and evaluation of the law with a territorial and differential perspective is required to respond to the victim's needs.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Los estudios con pruebas neuropsicológicas han demostrado déficits en la memoria operativa de pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB). Todavía no es clara la correlación de estos déficits con activaciones funcionales detectados con neuroimágenes, como la resonancia magnética funcional (RMf). Objetivo: Describir la aplicación de un nuevo paradigma de evaluación neurocognitiva para identificar las posibles diferencias en las características de respuesta neurofuncional en pacientes con TAB en tareas de memoria operativa. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 12 pacientes eutímicos con TAB tipo I (cuatro en tratamiento con carbonato de litio, cuatro con ácido valproico y cuatro sin medicación al menos durante dos meses previos a la evaluación) y cuatro controles. La RMf se usó para correlacionar sus procesos de memoria operativa con los cambios vistos en la señal BOLD, usando un paradigma que combina la presentación de bloques y eventos relacionados. Resultados: La activación cerebral del grupo control fue significativamente mayor durante su condición de respuesta, comparada con la presentada en pacientes con TAB; pero al contrastar los grupos de pacientes no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Discusión: El paradigma evaluado es útil en el estudio de áreas de activación cerebral en procesos de memoria operativa. Los resultados diferenciales en pacientes bipolares requieren estudios con muestras más grandes para comparar otros posibles déficits cognitivos asociados y efectos específicos de los medicamentos.
Background: Previous studies with neuropsychological testing have shown deficits in working memory in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It is not yet clear if there is correlation with functional activation in neuroimaging such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Objective: To describe a new paradigm of neurocognitive assessment to identify the possible differences in the characteristics of neurofunctional response in patients with BD using a working memory task. Method: Descriptive, correlational, cross sectional study. We evaluated 12 euthymic patients with BD-I (in treatment with lithium or valproate or without treatment at least 2 months prior to the study) and 4 participants with no psychiatric disorder. fMRI was used to correlate their operative memory processes with the changes seen in the BOLD signal using a paradigm that combines the presentation of blocks and related events. Results: Control's brain activation was greater during response condition compared with bipolar patients. When comparing between patient groups there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Discussion: The paradigm we deployed is useful to study activation in brain areas involved in working memory processes. The results with bipolar patients need to be expanded with larger populations to compare other possible cognitive deficits and medication specific effects.
