ABSTRACT
Algae are a booming resource in the food industry due to their several health benefits. This study assesses the impact of the combined use of selected macro- and microalgae to improve the nutritional profile and the labeling of a vegetable cream by the introduction of nutrition and health claims. As macroalgae, two Ascophyllum nodosum L., one natural (An) and one smoked (AnS), were selected for their high iodine concentration and flavor notes. A new strain of Chlorella vulgaris, golden (CvG), was selected as the microalgae, which is rich in proteins and has a neutral sensorial profile (golden color and mild flavor). In this study, two vegetable creams were compared. The control (CTRL) versus one enriched with a mixture of macroalgae and microalgae (CV-AN). Sensory, physicochemical, and functional properties of both vegetable creams were evaluated. The bioactivity assessed was the effect of iodine as a health claim and antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. CV-AN vegetable cream showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05) for protein content, iodine value, and antioxidant activity, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in antihypertensive activity or sensory panel. The incorporation of these algae resulted in a vegetable cream with a better nutritional profile and sensory acceptability comparable to the control, offering protein and iodine source claims in the labeling.
ABSTRACT
Galicia is the most important fishing region in Spain. Nearly 50% of the volume of catches and of the national fishing fleet are concentrated in this region. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the fishing sector had the status of an essential sector and was not forced to stop its activity by the national Government. However, its economic performance has deteriorated in 2020. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the extractive fishing sector in Galicia. For this purpose, the performance of the main economic and financial variables of the 246 companies that constitute this industry has been studied. The companies pertain to different extractive sectors (the national, offshore and large-scale fleets) and are in 9 different areas (Vigo, Pontevedra, Arousa, Muros, Fisterra, Costa da Morte, A Coruña-Ferrol, Cedeira and A Mariña). The results of the analysis show that the 9 fishing zones share a generalized negative trend but that there is heterogeneity in the results. Among the most determining factors are the predominant fleet extract, the target species caught, or the perception of public subsidies.
ABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo. Exenatida es un análogo de GLP1 diseñado para mejorar el control glucémico en pacientes con obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Además, presenta otras acciones de control metabólico. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si exenatida ayuda a conseguir objetivos de control metabólico en pacientes con obesidad y DM2 tras 24 semanas de tratamiento. Pacientes y método. Ensayo clínico abierto en 102 pacientes, 69 mujeres y 33 varones, con edades comprendidas entre 19-77 años (media [DE] de 53,2 [1,1] años, con DM2 de evolución media de 4,88 [0,5] años (extremos entre 1 y 20 años) en tratamiento con antidiabéticos orales (ADO) y obesidad. Resultados. Se observó una diferencia significativa de la glucosa basal, con reducción promedio de 19,7 (7,1) mg/dl, y de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) de 0,33 (0,17)%, siendo esta última mayor en pacientes con mal control previo al tratamiento (HbA1c>8,5%), en los que la disminución fue de una media del 2,12 (0,53)%. Se tomó como objetivo establecido respecto a HbA1c < 7%, alcanzado en un 14% más de los pacientes tratados que de los controles (43,6 frente a 57,9; p < 0,05). El peso disminuyó en 4,4 (0,8) kg y el índice de masa corporal en 1,7 (0,3) kg/m2. Se redujeron de forma no significativa el colesterol total (una media de 4,9 [1,5] mg/dl), el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (colesterol LDL) (una media de 3,2 [3,4] mg/dl, el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de no alta densidad (de 8,6 [5,6] mg/dl) y el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (de 2,5 [1,4] mg/dl). En pacientes fuera de objetivo (colesterol LDL>100mg/dl y/o triglicéridos>150mg/dl) sí se observaron diferencias significativas en el colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos. En cuanto a la presión arterial (PA), solo se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en las cifras de PA diastólica (descenso medio de 18,9 [5,7] mmHg), mientras que la PA sistólica se redujo de forma no significativa. Se tomó como objetivo establecido respecto a HbA1c<7%, alcanzado en un 14% más de los pacientes tratados que de los controles (43,6 frente a 57,9; p<0,05). Conclusiones. Exenatida es un fármaco efectivo no solo para el control de la glucemia (HbA1c), sino también para otros parámetros como perfil lipídico, PA y peso corporal(AU)
Background and objective. Exenatide is an analogue of GLP1 designed to improve the glycemic control in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. It may control other metabolic processes as well. We aimed to evaluate whether exenatide helps to achieve metabolic control goals in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after 24 weeks of treatment. Patients and method. Open clinical trial in 102 obese patients, with age between 19-77 years (mean [ED] 53,2 [1,1] years), T2DM with mean evolution of 4,88 [0,5] years (range 1 to 20 years) with oral antidiabetic treatment. Results. There was a reduction of 19.7±7.1mg/dl in the fasting glucose average and of 0.33±0.17% in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). These last values were higher (2.12±0.53%) in patients with bad control prior to treatment (HbA1c>8.5%). The desirable threshold of HbA1c<7% was fulfilled by 14% more treated than control patients (43.6 vs. 57.9, P<.05). Reductions of 4.4±0.8kg average weight and of 1.7±0.3kg/m2 body mass index were recorded. Although there was not a significant reduction in the overall lipid profile, a decrease of 4.9±5.1mg/dl total cholesterol, 3.2±4.3mg/dl LDL-C, 8.6±5.6mg/dl noHDL-C and 2.5±1, 4mg/dl HDL-C was observed. Patients outside target (LDL>100 and/or triglycerides>150mg/dl) showed significant differences in their concentrations of LDL-C and triglycerides. With respect to blood pressure (BP), significant differences were observed in diastolic BP (-18.9±5.7mmHg) but not in systolic BP (P<.05). Conclusions. Exenatide is an effective drug not only for glycemic control but also for the overall metabolic control of HbA1c, lipid profile, BP and body weight(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Weight Loss , Body Weight , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Incretins/analysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Exenatide is an analogue of GLP1 designed to improve the glycemic control in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. It may control other metabolic processes as well. We aimed to evaluate whether exenatide helps to achieve metabolic control goals in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after 24 weeks of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Open clinical trial in 102 obese patients, with age between 19-77 years (mean [ED] 53,2 [1,1] years), T2DM with mean evolution of 4,88 [0,5] years (range 1 to 20 years) with oral antidiabetic treatment. RESULTS: There was a reduction of 19.7±7.1mg/dl in the fasting glucose average and of 0.33±0.17% in glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). These last values were higher (2.12±0.53%) in patients with bad control prior to treatment (HbA(1c)>8.5%). The desirable threshold of HbA(1c)<7% was fulfilled by 14% more treated than control patients (43.6 vs. 57.9, P<.05). Reductions of 4.4±0.8kg average weight and of 1.7±0.3kg/m(2) body mass index were recorded. Although there was not a significant reduction in the overall lipid profile, a decrease of 4.9±5.1mg/dl total cholesterol, 3.2±4.3mg/dl LDL-C, 8.6±5.6mg/dl noHDL-C and 2.5±1, 4mg/dl HDL-C was observed. Patients outside target (LDL>100 and/or triglycerides>150mg/dl) showed significant differences in their concentrations of LDL-C and triglycerides. With respect to blood pressure (BP), significant differences were observed in diastolic BP (-18.9±5.7mmHg) but not in systolic BP (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exenatide is an effective drug not only for glycemic control but also for the overall metabolic control of HbA(1c), lipid profile, BP and body weight.
