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1.
Nurs Crit Care ; 27(4): 528-536, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32975003

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The term "difficult sedation" (DS) refers to situations of therapeutic failure, tolerance, or deprivation of the sedatives administered. AIMS: To characterize the profile of patients who developed DS and to assess its impact on the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS), as well as other complications related to their stay. DESIGN: A prospective descriptive analysis was conducted of the practices of analgesia/sedation in a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) over a 2-year period. METHODS: All critically ill patients undergoing MV and sedation for more than 24 hours were prospectively followed until death or discharge. Demographic data, type, duration, complications of analgesia/sedation, and clinical outcome during ICU stay were recorded. Patients who developed DS were compared with those who were not difficult to sedate (not-DS). RESULTS: A total of 327 patients were included, 24.1% of whom were difficult to sedate (DS). Patients in the DS group were younger (P = .001); less severely ill (P = .003); and were more likely to have a history of smoking (P = .045), alcohol (P < .001), and psychotropic use (P = .001) than the not-DS group. Patients included in the DS group were sedated for longer periods (P < .001) and required higher doses of midazolam (P < .036), propofol (P = .023), and remifentanyl (P = .026) than those in the not-DS group. Difficult-to-sedate patients were twice as likely to require more than one sedative simultaneously (P < .001), presented more periods of over-sedation (P = .031)/under-sedation (P = .024), and suffered more pain (P < .001) than patients in the not-DS group. Patients in the DS group had prolonged MV times (P < .001), developed more pressure ulcers (P > .001) and ventilator-associated pneumonias (P = .025), and were more likely to require tracheotomy (P = .001) than those in the not-DS group. CONCLUSION: DS develops in one of four critically ill patients and has a negative impact on their outcomes. Early identification of the clinical profile of this group and active prevention and treatment are essential strategies in order to minimize its impact. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A quarter of mechanically ventilated patients may develop situations of DS, which negatively affects their outcome. Early detection and prevention of DS are essential to minimize its impact.


Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
2.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 32(2)Abril - Junio 2021.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220593

ABSTRACT

La valoración y manejo del dolor-analgesia, agitación-sedación, contenciones mecánicas (CM) y delirium en el paciente critico ha ido evolucionando en los últimos años, tal y como recogen las recomendaciones de las Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) 1. Sin embargo, todavía quedan cuestiones pendientes, en las que las enfermeras pueden investigar destacando el efecto que los cuidados pueden tener en los resultados de salud sensibles a la práctica enfermera. A continuación, se proponen doce líneas de investigación en cuidados para la orientación de futuros proyectos sobre dolor, sedación, CM y delirium. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pain , Analgesia , Deep Sedation , Delirium , Health Research Agenda
4.
Aust Crit Care ; 33(5): 426-435, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32331708

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies addressing critical care nurses' practices regarding physical restraints have focused on individual nurses' knowledge and attitudes but lack the understanding of other social influences that could affect nurses' intentions to use them. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine critical care nurses' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions to use physical restraints in intubated patients and the relationship between them and sociodemographic, professional, and contextual factors using a survey approach. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted in a convenience sample of 12 intensive care units from eight hospitals in Spain (n = 354). The Physical Restraint-Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire and a researcher-developed survey were used to collect structural and clinical data from each unit. Multilevel model analysis was used. RESULTS: Critical care nurses showed a moderate level of intention to use physical restraints 12.52 (standard deviation = 3.81) [3-21]. More than a half (52%) agreed restraints were safe. The highest perceived barrier against physical restraint use was patient cooperation. Although nurses did not feel that others expected them to use restraints, they did not perceive high levels of disapproval of such practice. Nurses who had received previous training on restraints and who worked in units with a flexible family visitation policy, an informed consent form for restraint use, analgosedation and restraint protocols, and nurse-driven analgosedation management reported lower levels of intention to use restraints. Working in smaller units (beta -1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.18, -3.44) and working in units with a consent form for restraint use (beta -4.82; 95% CI: -2.80, -6.85) were the variables with the highest impact on nurses' intentions to use restraints. CONCLUSIONS: Critical care nurses' intentions to use physical restraints are moderate and are influenced by intrapersonal, patient, and contextual factors. Nurses who work in units with organisational policies and alternatives to restraints demonstrated lower levels of intention to use them.


Subject(s)
Critical Care Nursing , Nurses , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , Critical Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Intention , Restraint, Physical , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 30(1): 38-42, ene.-mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-181640

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Actualizar y ampliar la Guía de Práctica Clínica de 2013 para el manejo del dolor, agitación y delirio en pacientes adultos de la UCI. Diseño: Treinta y dos expertos internacionales, cuatro expertos en metodología, y cuatro supervivientes de enfermedades críticas se reunieron virtualmente, al menos una vez al mes. Todos los grupos de sección se reunieron personalmente en los congresos anuales de la Sociedad de Medicina de Cuidados Críticos; las conexiones virtuales incluyeron a aquellas personas que no pudieron asistir. A priori, se desarrolló una política formal de conflicto de intereses, que se hizo cumplir a lo largo del proceso. Las teleconferencias y debates electrónicos entre los subgrupos, así como el panel al completo, formaron parte del desarrollo de la guía. Todos los miembros del panel realizaron personalmente una revisión general del contenido en enero de 2017. Métodos: Los expertos contenidos, los expertos en metodología, y los supervivientes de la UCI estuvieron representados en cada una de las cinco secciones de la guía: Dolor, Agitación/sedación, Delirio, Inmovilidad (movilización/rehabilitación), y Sueño (interrupción). Cada sección creó preguntas descriptivas y no procesables sobre Población, Intervención, Comparación, y Resultados, basadas en la relevancia clínica percibida. A continuación, el grupo responsable de la guía votó su clasificación, y los pacientes priorizaron su importancia. Para cada pregunta sobre Población, Intervención, Comparación, y Resultados, las distintas secciones buscaron la evidencia mejor disponible, determinaron su calidad, y formularon recomendaciones del tipo declaraciones sobre prácticas "sólidas," "condicionales," o "buenas" basándose en los principios de calificación de valoración, desarrollo y evaluación de recomendaciones. Además, se identificaron explícitamente las brechas de la evidencia y las salvedades clínicas. Resultados: El panel sobre dolor, agitación/sedación, delirio, inmovilidad (movilización/rehabilitación), y sueño (interrupción) emitió 37 recomendaciones (3 sólidas y 34 condicionales), dos declaraciones de prácticas buenas, y 32 declaraciones no calificables y no procesables. Tres preguntas procedentes de la lista de preguntas priorizadas centradas en el paciente carecieron de recomendación. Conclusiones: Concluimos un acuerdo sustancial entre una gran cohorte interdisciplinaria de expertos internacionales en cuanto a la evidencia que respalda las recomendaciones y las brechas en la literatura pendientes en cuanto a evaluación, prevención y tratamiento del dolor, agitación/sedación, delirio, inmovilidad (movilización/rehabilitación), y sueño (interrupción) en adultos críticos. Subrayar dicha evidencia y las necesidades de investigación mejorarán el manejo del dolor, agitación/sedación, delirio, inmovilidad (movilización/rehabilitación), y sueño (interrupción), y aportarán las bases para mejorar los resultados y la ciencia en esta población vulnerable


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Pain Management , Pain/prevention & control , Psychomotor Agitation , Delirium , Sleep Wake Disorders , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Telecommunications , Intensive Care Units/organization & administration
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