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1.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-100233

ABSTRACT

En España existen 19 calendarios diferentes que no se justifica desde un punto de vista sanitario, epidemiológico, social o económico. La Asociación Española de Pediatría recomienda vacunar: frente rotavirus a partir de las sexta semana, frente a papilomavirus en niñas preadolescentes, universalizar la vacuna antineumocócica, administrar una segunda dosis de varicela a los 3-4 años, cambiar indicaciones de la vacuna de la tos ferina y vacunar de gripe y hepatitis A en situaciones de riesgo. Repasaremos más detenidamente las vacunas que han sido recientemente introducidas: rotavirus, neumococo, papiloma y mentaremos los principales cambios en las ya existentes. Los criterios para introducir modificaciones en el calendario de vacunación dependen de la enfermedad (carga, frecuencia, morbimortalidad, potencial de eliminación), de la vacuna (inmunogenicidad, eficacia, efectividad, eficiencia, compatibilidad, seguridad y garantía de suministro) y de la sociedad (impacto sobre la población y el sistema sanitario, percepción de la enfermedad por la población) (AU)


The criteria for modifying the immunization schedule depends on the disease (load, frequency, morbidity and mortality, killing potential) of the vaccine (immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency, compatibility, safety and assurance of supply) and society (impact on the population and the health system, perception of disease in the population). In Spain there are 19 different vaccine schedules that are not justified from a health, epidemiological, social or economic perspective. The Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends: vaccinating against rotavirus from the sixth week, against papillomavirus in preadolescent girls, achieving universal pneumococcal protection, administering a second dose of varicella at 3-4 years, changing the indications of the pertussis vaccine and flu vaccine and hepatitis A risk. We will review further the vaccines that have recently been introduced: rotavirus, pneumococcus and papillomavirus and mention the major changes in existing ones (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Mass Vaccination/organization & administration , Mass Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiological Monitoring/standards , Epidemiological Monitoring , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology , Mass Vaccination , Vaccination/standards , 51352 , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Spain/epidemiology , Papilloma/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Whooping Cough/immunology
2.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 160-166, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99820

ABSTRACT

Las vacunas son productos biológicos utilizados para conseguir una inmunización activa artificial. Actualmente hay vacunas cada vez más potentes, eficaces y seguras. Se está ampliando la lista de enfermedades prevenibles con vacunas, que, junto a la cada vez mayor población susceptible de ser vacunada, hace previsible que aumenten los productos vacunales en este siglo. Este artículo pretende ser un breve pero práctico, resumen del concepto y tipos de vacunas, los avances acontecidos en las últimas décadas sobre fundamentos de la respuesta inmunitaria y componentes de las vacunas (destacando el papel de los adyuvantes). Estos conceptos acarrean los criterios de cuándo, cómo vacunar, a quiénes y por qué no hacerlo. Con la ambición de que este texto sea útil finalizará con un somero repaso al porqué hay personas que rechazan las vacunas (AU)


Vaccines are biological products used to achieve active artificial immunization. Nowadays, vaccines are increasingly powerful, effective and safe. The list of vaccine-preventable diseases is expanding, which together with the increasing population likely to be vaccinated, it is expected that vaccine products will increase this century. This article is a brief but practical overview of the concept and types of vaccines, advances that have taken place recent decades on the fundamentals of the immune response and vaccine components (including the role of adjuvants). These concepts give rise to the criteria for when and how to vaccinate, to whom and why not to do it. With the hope that this text is useful, it ends with a brief overview as to why there are people who refuse vaccinations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines/immunology , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Monitoring, Immunologic/methods , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/classification , Vaccination/methods , Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Vaccines/classification , Vaccines
3.
Semergen ; 38(3): 160-6, 2012 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24895720

ABSTRACT

Vaccines are biological products used to achieve active artificial immunization. Nowadays, vaccines are increasingly powerful, effective and safe. The list of vaccine-preventable diseases is expanding, which together with the increasing population likely to be vaccinated, it is expected that vaccine products will increase this century. This article is a brief but practical overview of the concept and types of vaccines, advances that have taken place recent decades on the fundamentals of the immune response and vaccine components (including the role of adjuvants). These concepts give rise to the criteria for when and how to vaccinate, to whom and why not to do it. With the hope that this text is useful, it ends with a brief overview as to why there are people who refuse vaccinations.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Immunization , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Adaptive Immunity/immunology , Antigens/immunology , Humans , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Treatment Refusal , Vaccines/immunology
4.
Semergen ; 38(4): 226-32, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23544724

ABSTRACT

The criteria for modifying the immunization schedule depends on the disease (load, frequency, morbidity and mortality, killing potential) of the vaccine (immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency, compatibility, safety and assurance of supply) and society (impact on the population and the health system, perception of disease in the population). In Spain there are 19 different vaccine schedules that are not justified from a health, epidemiological, social or economic perspective. The Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends: vaccinating against rotavirus from the sixth week, against papillomavirus in preadolescent girls, achieving universal pneumococcal protection, administering a second dose of varicella at 3-4 years, changing the indications of the pertussis vaccine and flu vaccine and hepatitis A risk. We will review further the vaccines that have recently been introduced: rotavirus, pneumococcus and papillomavirus and mention the major changes in existing ones.


Subject(s)
Immunization Schedule , Vaccines , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Rotavirus Vaccines , Spain
5.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88089

ABSTRACT

El signo de Chilaiditi fue descrito en 1910 por el radiólogo vienés Dimitrius Chilaiditi y consiste en la interposición de intestino entre el hígado y el hemidiafragma derecho. En la mayor parte de los casos se trata del ángulo hepático del colon. Se trata de un hallazgo radiológico, generalmente casual, sin que provoque en el paciente sintomatología alguna. Se define como síndrome de Chilaiditi a la asociación del signo radiológico con manifestaciones clínicas, que usualmente serán digestivas. Es importante que el médico sepa reconocer la imagen radiológica y realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial, así como conocer los síntomas que puede provocar el síndrome (AU)


Chilaiditi's sign was described in 1910 due to the radiology by Dimitrius Chilaiditi and consists of the overlapping of the intestine between the liver and the right diaphragm. In the majority of cases it involves the hepatic angle of the colon. It is a, generally, casual radiological finding without there being any patient symptomatology. Chilaiditi's syndrome is defined as the combination of the sign with other clinical manifestations, which are usually gastrointestinal. It is important that the physician knows how to recognise the radiological image and make the correct differential diagnosis, as well as knowing the symptoms that may trigger the syndrome (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Intellectual Disability/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Aerophagy/complications , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Syndrome , Diagnosis, Differential , Radiography, Thoracic/trends , Radiography, Thoracic
6.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(2): 83-86, feb. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-85968

ABSTRACT

La rosácea es una dermatosis crónica que afecta a un 10% de la población. No es una enfermedad con graves repercusiones en la salud del paciente pero tiene un componente estético que puede suponer una importante carga emocional. Por todo ello el médico de familia debe estar familiarizado con esta entidad y con los diferentes tratamientos disponibles, así como conocer la posibilidad de derivar a los pacientes con determinadas características al dermatólogo para beneficiarse de la aplicación de técnicas con láser (AU)


Rosacea is a chronic skin disease that affects 10% of the population. It is a disease with serious implications for patient's health but has an aesthetic component that can cause significant emotional damage. Therefore the practitioner should be familiar with this entity and the different treatments available, as well as the possibility of referring patients with certain characteristics to the dermatologist to benefit from the application of laser techniques (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Rosacea/therapy , Facial Dermatoses/radiotherapy , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/radiotherapy , Laser Therapy/instrumentation , Laser Therapy/methods , Rosacea/epidemiology , Rosacea/etiology , Rosacea/radiotherapy , Laser Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Laser Therapy/trends , Laser Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential
7.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(6): 342-347, jun.-jul. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-80500

ABSTRACT

Las mastocitosis son enfermedades clonales poco frecuentes con una baja infiltración tisular, excepto en las formas agresivas, y por lo general de buen pronóstico. Los síntomas clínicos están relacionados fundamentalmente con la liberación de potentes mediadores del mastocito más que con el grado de infiltración de los órganos. Como sucede con todas las llamadas «enfermedades raras», son poco conocidas por los médicos y ello hace que la creación de unidades monográficas de referencia suponga la mejor vía para asegurar a los pacientes el mismo derecho a la salud que aquellos que padecen enfermedades más frecuentes y conocidas. En España existe desde el año 1993 la Red Española de Mastocitosis y desde el año 2007 un centro nacional de referencia ubicado en el Hospital Virgen del Valle (Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha) que cuenta con los medios necesarios para el correcto manejo y control de esta patología. Sin embargo, un centro como el Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha requiere la colaboración de los médicos de asistencia primaria para poder llevar a cabo su tarea. En la segunda parte de este trabajo se revisan aspectos pronósticos, terapéuticos y recomendaciones prácticas para enfermos con mastocitosis y sus médicos responsables (AU)


Mastocytosis is an uncommon clonal disease with low tissue infiltration, except in its aggressive forms, in which the prognosis is generally good. The clinical symptoms are fundamentally related with the release of potent mastocyte mediators (CM) more than with the degree of organ infiltration. As occurs with all the so-called “Rare Diseases,” they are little known by the physicians. That is why the creation of the Monographic Reference Unit is the best way to assure that the patients have the same right to health as those who suffer more frequent and known diseases. The Network of Mastocytosis (REMA) has existed in Spain since the year 1993. Since 2007, a National Reference Center that has the necessary resources for the correct management and control of this condition, has been located in the Hospital Virgen del Valle (Institute of the Study of Mastocytosis of Castilla-La Mancha –CLMast–). However, a center such as the CLMast requires the collaboration of primary health care physicians to be able to perform its task. In the second part of this work, the prognostic, therapeutic aspects and practical recommendations for patients with mastocytosis and their responsible physicians are reviewed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mastocytosis/drug therapy , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Mastocytosis, Systemic/drug therapy , Urticaria Pigmentosa/drug therapy , Tryptases , Primary Health Care/methods , Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
8.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(5): 283-289, mayo 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-79949

ABSTRACT

Las mastocitosis son enfermedades clonales poco frecuentes, con una baja infiltración tisular, excepto en la formas agresivas, y por lo general de buen pronóstico. Los síntomas clínicos están relacionados fundamentalmente con la liberación de potentes mediadores del mastocito, más que con el grado de infiltración de los órganos. Como sucede con todas las llamadas «enfermedades raras», son poco conocidas por los médicos y esto hace que la creación de unidades monográficas de referencia suponga la mejor vía para asegurar a los pacientes el mismo derecho a la salud que aquellos que padecen enfermedades más frecuentes y conocidas. En España existe, desde el año 1993, la Red Española de Mastocitosis, y desde el año 2007, un centro nacional de referencia ubicado en el Hospital Virgen del Valle (Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha), que cuenta con los medios necesarios para el correcto manejo y control de esta patología. Sin embargo, un centro como el Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha requiere la colaboración de los médicos de asistencia primaria para poder llevar a cabo su tarea. Este trabajo pretende mejorar los conocimientos del médico de atención primaria sobre este grupo de enfermedades y remarcar la importancia de la colaboración entre el primer nivel asistencial y las unidades de referencia de atención especializada para una atención óptima e integral de estos pacientes (AU)


Mastocytosis is an uncommon clonal disease with low tissue infiltration, except in its aggressive forms, in which the prognosis is generally good. The clinical symptoms are fundamentally related with the release of potent mastocyte mediators (CM) more than with the degree of organ infiltration. As occurs with all the so-called “Rare Diseases,” they are little known by the physicians. That is why the creation of the Monographic Reference Unit is the best way to assure that the patients have the same right to health as those who suffer more frequent and known diseases. The Network of Mastocytosis (REMA) has existed in Spain since the year 1993. Since 2007, a National Reference Center, that has the necessary resources for the correct management and control of this condition, has been located in the Hospital Virgen del Valle (Institute of the Study of Mastocytosis of Castilla-La Mancha –CLMast–). However, a center such as the CLMast requires the collaboration of primary health care physicians to be able to perform its task.This work has aimed to improve the knowledge of the primary care physicians on this group of diseases and to stress the importance of collaboration between the first care level with the specialized care reference units for the optimal and total care of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mastocytosis/physiopathology , Primary Health Care/trends , Mastocytosis/drug therapy , Urticaria Pigmentosa/drug therapy , Tryptases/therapeutic use , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
9.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(4): 283-289, abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-79427

ABSTRACT

Las mastocitosis son enfermedades clonales poco frecuentes, con una baja infiltración tisular, excepto en la formas agresivas, y por lo general de buen pronóstico. Los síntomas clínicos están relacionados fundamentalmente con la liberación de potentes mediadores del mastocito, más que con el grado de infiltración de los órganos. Como sucede con todas las llamadas «enfermedades raras», son poco conocidas por los médicos y esto hace que la creación de unidades monográficas de referencia suponga la mejor vía para asegurar a los pacientes el mismo derecho a la salud que aquellos que padecen enfermedades más frecuentes y conocidas. En España existe, desde el año 1993, la Red Española de Mastocitosis, y desde el año 2007, un centro nacional de referencia ubicado en el Hospital Virgen del Valle (Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha), que cuenta con los medios necesarios para el correcto manejo y control de esta patología. Sin embargo, un centro como el Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla-La Mancha requiere la colaboración de los médicos de asistencia primaria para poder llevar a cabo su tarea.Este trabajo pretende mejorar los conocimientos del médico de atención primaria sobre este grupo de enfermedades y remarcar la importancia de la colaboración entre el primer nivel asistencial y las unidades de referencia de atención especializada para una atención óptima e integral de estos pacientes (AU)


Mastocytosis is an uncommon clonal disease with low tissue infiltration, except in its aggressive forms, in which the prognosis is generally good. The clinical symptoms are fundamentally related with the release of potent mastocyte mediators (CM) more than with the degree of organ infiltration. As occurs with all the so-called “Rare Diseases,” they are little known by the physicians. That is why the creation of the Monographic Reference Unit is the best way to assure that the patients have the same right to health as those who suffer more frequent and known diseases. The Network of Mastocytosis (REMA) has existed in Spain since the year 1993. Since 2007, a National Reference Center, that has the necessary resources for the correct management and control of this condition, has been located in the Hospital Virgen del Valle (Institute of the Study of Mastocytosis of Castilla-La Mancha –CLMast–). However, a center such as the CLMast requires the collaboration of primary health care physicians to be able to perform its task.This work has aimed to improve the knowledge of the primary care physicians on this group of diseases and to stress the importance of collaboration between the first care level with the specialized care reference units for the optimal and total care of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Mastocytosis, Systemic/diagnosis , Mast Cells/physiology , Primary Health Care/methods , Urticaria Pigmentosa/physiopathology , Tryptases/analysis , Rare Diseases
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