ABSTRACT
A solid phase carbohydrate library was synthesized and screened against Bauhinia purpurea lectin. The library, which contains approximately 1300 di- and trisaccharides, was synthesized with chemical encoding on TentaGel resin so that each bead contained a single carbohydrate. Two ligands that bind more tightly to the lectin than Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc (the known ligand) have been identified. The strategy outlined can be used to identify carbohydrate-based ligands for any receptor; however, because the derivatized beads mimic the polyvalent presentation of cell surface carbohydrates, the screen may prove especially valuable for discovering new compounds that bind to proteins participating in cell adhesion.
Subject(s)
Lectins/metabolism , Oligosaccharides/chemical synthesis , Plant Lectins , Acylation , Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism , Carbohydrate Conformation , Disaccharides/chemical synthesis , Disaccharides/chemistry , Disaccharides/metabolism , Glycosylation , Ligands , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/metabolism , Polystyrenes , Trisaccharides/chemical synthesis , Trisaccharides/chemistry , Trisaccharides/metabolismSubject(s)
Dental Amalgam , Dental Instruments , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Matrix Bands , HumansABSTRACT
The use of fiberoptic handpieces in dentistry may have advanced faster than has the knowledge on how to use them. Differences in brightness are extreme in the dentist's work environment and may result in the dentist's experiencing fatigue. This article discusses lighting of the operating field in general, presents basic characteristics of available handpiece fiberoptic systems, and provides the dental practitioner with guidelines for adjustment and safe use of intraoral fiberoptic lighting.
Subject(s)
Dental Instruments , Fiber Optic Technology , Equipment DesignABSTRACT
The results of this study suggest that lumbar support is a significant factor in reducing muscle activity of the upper and lower back for the dentist practicing sit-down dentistry. The importance of lumbar support should be emphasized in any criteria listing correct work posture for the dentist. Under the conditions of this study, stool heights did not influence muscle activity significantly, but did suggest a trend in considering problems of the lower back posture--low stool heights (90 degrees and 75 degrees) produced lower activity than a high stool height (105 degrees) if the back was supported. Therefore, in regard to muscle activity, results of this study suggest that the dental operator should sit low with the lumbar support always in contact with the lower back.
Subject(s)
Dentists , Posture , Back/physiology , Electromyography , Humans , Male , Muscles/physiologyABSTRACT
With careful pre-operative angiographic evaluation, reversible intra-operative external carotid occlusion, controlled hypotension, steroids, osmotic diuretics, and early control of nutrient arteries, the en bloc removal of a large bilateral olfactory groove meningioma is feasible in some instances. Dissection around the tumor is facilitated by shrinkage of the tumor, as its nutrient vessels are occluded. Ligation and division of the venous drainage is left until the end. This technique may be particularly valuable in poor risk patients, as it may considerably reduce blood loss and operating time, without sacrifice of brain.
