Subject(s)
Vascular Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Septal Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Coronary Circulation , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Female , Humans , Vascular Fistula/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Ventricular Septal Rupture/complicationsABSTRACT
A limited number of studies have been done on stereopsis performance and clinical testing of infants and young children. As optometrists increasingly begin to examine young children there arises a need to know if stereopsis is a developmentally derived skill and if so, what are the normal skill levels for each age. This study shows that stereoacuity response follows a developmental trend and provides preliminary data on levels of performance for infants (18-24 months) and young children (30-60 months).
Subject(s)
Vision, Ocular/physiology , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
The development of convergence, ocular motilities; stereopsis and form perception for infants and young children was evaluated in a previous paper. This study examines the relationship between these visual skills and intellectual development. Young children (n = 130) were assessed longitudinally every six months from the ages of 12- to 42-months. The results showed positive and significant correlations between visual skills and intellectual development during infancy and the preschool years. Stereopsis and form perception correlated most highly and consistently with intellectual development.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Mental Processes/physiology , Vision, Ocular/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Child, Preschool , Convergence, Ocular , Eye Movements , Female , Form Perception/physiology , Humans , Infant , Intelligence Tests , Male , Vision TestsABSTRACT
Measurement of neonatal bilirubin using the Jendrassik-Grof method (x) and the EKTACHEM NBIL assay (y) was compared over a 6-month period in a total of 1191 specimens from 483 patients less than 30 days of age. Linear regression analysis of the data yields a slope of 0.937, an intercept of 0.387, and Sy,x of 0.55 and a correlation coefficient of 0.983 for a total of 1032 specimens from patients less than or equal to 14 days of age and a slope of 1.090, an intercept of 0.002, an Sy,x of 1.03 and a correlation coefficient of 0.950 for a total of 159 specimens from patients greater than 14 days of age. The best correlation between EKTACHEM NBIL assay and the reference Jendrassik-Grof method was observed in samples from patients less than or equal to 14 days of age. Data from patients older than 14 days showed a higher proportional bias and a lower correlation coefficient between the methods. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis demonstrated that patients greater than 14 days of age had a higher incidence of elevated delta-bilirubin. Linearity extends to 200 mg/l. The NBIL assay provides a rapid, precise micromethod that is less sensitive than the Jendrassik-Grof method to the in vitro photo degradation of bilirubin and is not subject to the interference from hemoglobin and lipids. Because delta-bilirubin is not measured by this method, it is only recommended for newborns less than or equal to 14 days of age.
Subject(s)
Bilirubin/blood , Infant, Newborn , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Hemoglobins , Humans , Hyperlipidemias , Methods , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
The development of ocular motilities, convergence, form perception and depth perception were studied for 128 infants at the ages of 18, 24 and 30 months of age. Developmental trends were evident in ocular motilities and form perception. Convergence ability was relatively good at 18 months and remained constant. Depth perception did not show a specific trend over the period studied.
Subject(s)
Vision, Ocular , Child, Preschool , Depth Perception , Eye Movements , Humans , Infant , Psychomotor Performance , Vision TestsABSTRACT
The enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) was found to be nine times more sensitive than the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) in detecting erythrocytes sensitized by IgG antibody in vitro. The release of hemoglobin and other interfering substances from the erythrocytes gave falsely high absorbance values which were corrected by the use of a hemolysis bland with each test. ELAT results showed good precision. With the use of the hemolysis blank, the ELAT should prove to be a useful tool for hospital blood blanks in the detection of weakly reactive allo- and autoantibodies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Coombs Test , Erythrocytes/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Immunoglobulin GSubject(s)
Amblyopia/etiology , Amblyopia/psychology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hysteria/complications , Refractive Errors/complications , SyndromeSubject(s)
Amblyopia/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
A study in Swaziland to assess the possible relationship of aflatoxin contamination and the incidence of primary liver cancer is reported. Aflatoxin ingestion levels have been determined in "food from the plate" samples collected over a 1-year period. A significant correlation between the calculated ingested daily dose and the adult male incidence of primary liver cancer in different parts of Swaziland has been established. Samples of foodstuffs other than the plate samples also reflected the correlation of aflatoxin contamination and liver cancer. This study extends and amplifies the findings of an earlier study in the Murang'a district of Kenya and supports the hypothesis that aflatoxin ingestion is a factor in the genesis of primary liver cancer in Africa.
