ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: A 66-yr-old man had been intubated for 21 days for severe COVID-19 infection. He then underwent tracheotomy, retained the tube for 2 mos, and then was discharged home on 10 liters of O2/min breathing via a tracheostomy collar. We were consulted for tracheostomy tube decannulation. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation was used via the tracheostomy tube to clear secretions, increase vital capacity, and normalize O2 saturation. He practiced nasal and mouthpiece noninvasive ventilatory support once a capped fenestrated cuffless tracheostomy tube was placed, although he did not need noninvasive ventilatory support after decannulation. He was decannulated despite O2 dependence. Although he required antibiotics for almost 3 mos before decannulation and after it, he had no further episodes of lung infection for at least the next 4 mos from the point of decannulation.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Tracheostomy , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Aged , Device Removal , Humans , Male , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
El soporte ventilatorio no invasivo es una herramienta que ha demostrado mejorar la sobrevida de pacientes con falla muscular de la bomba respiratoria y el manejo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, incluso la ventilación no invasiva nocturna ha servido de puente hacia el trasplante pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 14 años con enfermedad pulmonar crónica hipoxémica severa y falla ventilatoria secundaria, que requirió ventilación prolongada y traqueostomía en espera de trasplante pulmonar. Luego de reevaluar indemnidad de la vía aérea fue decanulada a soporte ventilatorio no invasivo, con uso alternado de mascarilla nasal nocturna y pieza bucal diurna, permitiendo descanso muscular respiratorio eficiente, y mejoría de flujo de tos con técnicas de apilamiento de aire. Este plan permitió una decanulación segura y realizar soporte continuo ventilatorio no invasivo con un programa de rehabilitación cardiorrespiratorio. Generalmente, el soporte ventilatorio no invasivo se utiliza en trastornos primarios de la bomba respiratoria. En este caso, se indicó para enfermedad pulmonar crónica hipoxémica, mostrando claros beneficios con oxigenación adecuada, buen rendimiento cardiovascular con mejor tolerancia al ejercicio y entrenamiento en el escenario de preparación al trasplante pulmonar.
Noninvasive Ventilatory Support has demonstrated to improve survival of patients with ventilatory pump muscle failure and nocturnal noninvasive ventilation is useful in chronic lung disease, even bridging to lung transplant. We present a 14 years old girl with severe hypoxemic chronic lung disease and secondary ventilatory failure, who required continuous long-term ventilation and underwent a tracheostomy waiting for lung transplant. After reevaluated the airway patency the patient was decannulated to Noninvasive Ventilation Support, alternating nocturnal nasal mask with diurnal mouth piece in order to provide efficient respiratory muscle rest, made air stacking and improved cough flow. This plan allows safe decannulation to continuous Noninvasive Ventilatory Support tailoring a rehabilitation cardiorespiratory program. Usually, Noninvasive Ventilation Support is prescribed for primary respiratory pump muscles failure, but in this case, it was applied for a hypoxemic chronic lung disease. Clear benefits were observed leading to appropriate oxygenation, good cardiovascular performance with better tolerance to exercise for training in the preparatory scenario of a lung transplant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Lung Transplantation , Device Removal/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Preoperative Care/methods , Tracheostomy , Radiography, Thoracic , Ventilator Weaning , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Chronic Disease , HypoxiaABSTRACT
Mechanical insufflation exsufflation-expiratory flows (MIE-EFs) correlate with upper airway patency. Patients dependent on continuous noninvasive ventilatory support with severe spinal muscular atrophy type 1, now over 20 yrs old, have used MIE sufficiently effectively along with continuous noninvasive ventilatory support to avoid tracheotomy indefinitely. Although MIE-EFs can apparently decrease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to necessitate tracheotomy, they can increase over time and remain effective in all spinal muscular atrophy types. Two cases demonstrate an association between increasing MIE-EF and, ultimately, successful decannulation of a patient with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 who was continuous tracheostomy mechanical ventilation dependent and a patient with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Only when MIE-EF increased to exceed 200 l/min did the decannulations succeed. Definitive noninvasive management (continuous noninvasive ventilatory support) of these patients may be possible only when MIE is effective, and the greater the MIE-EF, the greater its effectiveness. Thus, increasing MIE-EF can signal resolution of upper airway obstruction sufficiently to permit decannulation whether a patient is ventilator dependent or not.
